Effects of Rhizobacteria for Growth Promotion and Induction of Fungal Disease Resistance in Vegetable Crops
저자
발행사항
Chuncheon : Kangwon National University, 2019
학위논문사항
Thesis(M.A.)-- Kangwon National University : Department of Bio-Resource Science 2019. 2
발행연도
2019
작성언어
영어
주제어
발행국(도시)
대한민국
형태사항
xvii, 97 L. : Illustrations ; 30 cm
일반주기명
강원대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
Supervised by professor :Lee, Youn Su
Includes bibliographical references : L. 82-97
UCI식별코드
I804:42002-000000030199
소장기관
Increasing public concerns about adverse effect of pesticides and fertilizer resulted in renewed interest in beneficial soil microorganisms that can improve soil quality and enhance plant health. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microorganisms that have potentiality for both plant growth promotion and plant diseases control. Most studies of PGPR as antagonists begin by assessing the efficacy of single PGPR strains against plant pathogens. However, in the field several diseases often occur on individual crops. This study was conducted to select PGPR strains for broad-spectrum pathogen suppression and growth promotion in the presence of plant pathogens. First, preliminary screening was carried out for antibiosis capacity of PGPR strains against nine different fungal pathogens in vitro. Nine fungal pathogens include Pythium ultimum, Phytopthora capsici, Cercospora capsici, Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. melonis, Sclerotium rolfsi, Stemphylium lycopersicum, Stemphylium botryosum, Collectotrichum dematium, and Monosporascus cannonbullus. All the tested pathogens were obtained from Korean Agriculture Culture Collection (KACC). The bacterial isolates were collected from soils of Gangwon-do, Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed for the identification of the isolates, RR8 (Panibacillus polymyxa), EN23 (Bacillus siamensis), AB05 (Bacillus valenzensis), AB12 (Bacillus subtilis) and PA5 (Bacillus subtilis). The rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa (RR8) showed the highest antagonistic activity against all tested fungal pathogens except Monosporascus cannonbullus. According to the results, RR8 exhibited mycelial suppression at 47.8 %, 46.5 %, 44.1 % 42.3 %, 38.2 %, 18.7 %, 17.8 % and 5.0 % against Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. melonis, Cercospora capsici, Stemphylium lycopersici, Phytopthora capsici, Stemphylium botryosum, Pythium ultimum, Colletotrichum dematium, and Sclerotiorum rolfsii respectively. Moreover, EN23 exhibited the highest efficacy against Sclerotinia rolfsii in I- plate assay.
In vitro biochemical test revealed that EN23 exhibited the highest protein hydrolysis, RR8 was positive for zinc solubilization and phosphate solubilization and EN23, AB05 and PA05 were positive for ammonia production. In vitro plant assay was conducted to evaluate the growth promotion and disease inhibition in studied crops (melon, tomato and lettuce) by using the effective single and combined bacterial isolates (RR8, EN23 and PA5) from in vitro tests. According to the result, the highest shoot dry weight (89.40 mg) was observed in combination treatments of RR8 and EN23 in melon seedling as compared to other treatments and control. In tomato, combination treatments of RR8 and EN23 showed the highest shoot dry weight (113.0 mg) as compared to other treatments and control. In lettuce, combination treatments of RR8 and AB12 exhibited the highest shoot dry weight (31.80 mg) as compared to other treatments and control. Greenhouse evaluation of effective bacterial isolates (RR8, EN23 and PA5) and their combinations were carried out to assess their efficacy in promoting growth and reducing disease in melon, tomato and lettuce. Results showed that in melon, the highest shoot dry weight (10.56 g) was observed in combination treatments of RR8 and EN23. In tomato, RR8 and EN23 combination treatments showed the highest shoot dry weight (26.2 g). In lettuce, leaf area was found the highest (174.7 cm2) in combination treatments of RR8 and AB12. In addition, reduction of disease rate of Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. melonis on melon was observed at 46.2 % by the combination treatments of EN23 and AB 12. In tomato, combination treatments of EN23 and AB12 showed 37.04 % reduction of disease rate of Stemphylium lycopersicum. In lettuce, Pythium ultimum was reduced by 44.78 % with the combination treatments of RR8 and AB12. In addition, field evaluations with effective bacterial isolates (RR8, EN23 and PA5) and their combinations results exhibited that combination of RR8 and EN23 showed the highest plant height 198.2 cm compared to other treatments and control. In case of tomato crop highest number of fruit per plant (158) was recorded in combination treatments of RR8 and AB12. In lettuce crop, leaf area (192.6 cm2) was recorded at the highest in combination treatments of RR8 and EN23. Reduction of disease rate of Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. melonis in melon was recorded the highest (46.02 %) in combination treatments of EN23 and AB12. In lettuce, disease rate of Pythium ultimum was reduced by 42.2 % in combination treatments of RR8 and AB12. In tomato, disease reduction rate of Stemphylium lycopersicum was recorded the highest (37.80 %) with the combination treatments of AB12 and EN23 as compared to control.
In summary, both the tested individual and combination treatments of PGPR exhibited the high levels of disease control and plant growth promotion compared to control but the magnitude of the efficacy was better in combination treatments than that of individual PGPR treatments.
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