高等敎育을 받은 女性의 生活과 意識에 관한 調査硏究 = Life and Value Orientation of Female College Graduates

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze corroborative data on the life and values of female college graduates: what family and social life they have been leading and what value orientation they have.
A questionaire constructed by the authors was administered to a sample of 3047 graduates of Sookmyung Women's University. Out of the total number of the response sheets returned only 684 were valid, which comprises 22.5 percent of the originally intended size of the sample. Such low percentage seems to result from the facts that the questionairing was conducted by mail and that the questions were rather lengthy and complicated to fill out.
The method of analysis followed is first to count the number and compute the percentage of each checked item of multiple choice questions, and second to score each item of the scale evaluation questions and calculate the average and standard deviation. Controlled variances considered were age, major field of study, state of employment, marital status, attitudes...etc. In case of need X²test or F test through analysis of variance were conducted also.
Summarized in the following are the results of the study:
1.Almost all the graduates were found to be married under 30 years of age. 405 subjects were married (59.2%), 271 not married yet (39.6%), and 8 single separated by death or divorce (1.2%). Only 14 subjects over thirty were unmarried (4.8%).
2.Many of the graduates were found to be in employment. 403 subjects were being employed at the time of qucstionairing (58.9%).
3.Pharmacy majors showed the highest percentage of employment (85.7%), and others an average percent of 50-60.
4.74 percent of the subjects' fathers and 43 percent of the mothers had a formal education of high school and above.
5.Occupations of the subjects' parents were mostly self-sustaining business (26.9%) and. professional management (26.1%).
6.The subjects' mothers showed relatively high ratio of employment (27.7%).
7.Subjects were married mostly at the age of 25-27 years in average, and their spouse at 27-31 showing, 2-4 years of age discrepancy. Especially the age group of 41-45 appeared to be married at the average age of 29.2 which was markedly higher than those of the other groups.
8.The average number of children the subjects had were 2-4 showing decreasing tendency with younger age groups.
9.99 percent of their husbands were college graduates, and their occupations presented in the order of percentage were professional management (44.1%), general business (12.8%), self sustaining, business (11.4%), and technical profession (9.6%). 70 percent had an average monthly income of 500, 000-1,500,000won and 11.3 percent earned over 2,000,000won.
10.58 percent of the subjects lived in a separate house, 42 percent in an apartment house. 88.4 percent owned a house and 9.2 percent lented.
11.53.1 percent of the employed were engaged in technical profession in which category teaching profession was included. 17.8 percent in general business, and 14.4 percent in liberal profession where running of a drugstore was included. They started to work between the ages of a 23-26 and obtained the present position between 25-30.
12.21.6 percent of the employed obtained the job by the help of the vocational adviser, 17.7 percent through public competition, 15.9 percent own a private business, 11.4 percent applied individually, 10.4 percent helped by their relatives, and 7.3 percent by their parents. Among the groups of over 36 years of age were seen a very few instances of attending to the family profession.
13.Major causes of resignation were marriage (51.7%), childbirth and child care (12.4%).
14.The dominant motive of seeking a job was a desire for self-actualization rather than financial causes. 38.7 percent took a job in order to utilize own ability, skills and experiences, 15.4 percent to be economically independent, 12.2 percent to experience self-satisfaction by working, and 11.4 percent to contribute to the society.
15.Reasons for not having a job were marriage, child-care and housework (48.3%), no appropriate job (43.7%), and traditional notion that women should stay in the home (2.4%). 80-90 percent of the jobless subjects under the age of 35 were eager to work.
16.Approximately 70 percent of the subjects now working wished to continue their career in any forms in the future. On the other hand only 5.6 percent wanted to give up their job when their financial needs were satisfied.
17.Types of difficulties working women experience showed diversity according to the age and marital status of the subjects. While those young or unmarried complained of the lack of leasure time for hobby, older groups appealed that they were short of time for house-keeping, child caring, and keeping the family relationship smooth. Regardless of age groups, 20-40 percent of the total subjects complained of fatigue. Health problems of working mothers appears to be very serious.
18.There was found a close correlation between the rate of employment and the marital status. 80.3 percent of the subjects working were unmarried and 46.8 percent married. The result of our research in this respect agrees with that of the study done by a Japanese women's university.
19.A statistically significant difference was noticed in the number of children between the two groups with and without job. The average number of children was 2.28 for working mothers and 2.56 for non working group.
20.In taking care of preschool children during the working hours other faminy members were asked to help(50.7%), a baby sitter was employed(29%), and day care facilities were utilized (2.2%), The last figure was in sharp contrast with the high percentage of Japan (38.5%).
21.Though husband's low income seems to have something to do with the high rate of wife's employment, it can not be said to be the primary factor in this matter. Working carrer of the subject's mother in the past appeared to have no relation with that of the subject.
22.About 30 percent of the subjects graduated from a graduate school, half of which studied in the graduate school of Sookmyung Women's University. 90 percent of the non working subjects wished to participate unpaid in the social work other than academic studies.
23.It was found to be desirable for women to work except the child caring period. Especially the unmarried were stronger in support of working women. 28.6 percent of the husbands objected to working wife, and the rest were in either strong support or neutral.
24.Subjects' positive attitude toward working women and their husband's support had close correlation with the high rate of married women's employment.
25.Older groups tended to show higher expectations and emotional attachment to their children. Working mothers seemed to have the same tendency more than those not working did.
26.About 60-70 percent had an opinion that women should work not confining themselves to child -caring and house keeping. The unmarried tended to be in stronger support of working mother.
27.Values of life were economic value (36.1%), self-satisfaction (40.5%) and social value (14.5%).
28.Those younger or having a job had a less discriminating sexrole concept. Father's education and the subject's major field of study seemed to play no role in forming the subject's sex role concept.
29.The means of living in widowhood were well prepared (20-30%), earning by herself(40-50%), being supported by children (10-20%) and no means (below 10%).
30.70,80 percent of the subjects whose spouse alive, wished to live themselves alone apart from their children. As a widow, 50-60 percent planned to live together with their children. Whether the subject had income or not did not affect the response in this respect.
31.70-80 percent of the subjecs recognized the usefulness of specialized college education, especially 90 percent of working graduates accepted it as useful. Listed according to the major fields of study, the percentages of recognition were Pharmacy majors (98%), Arts and Physical Education majors (84.6%), Home Economics majors (79.8%), Liberal arts (77.4%), Political Science and Business Administration majors (67.5%) and Sciences (64.6%).
32.60-80 percent showed a positive response to the usefulness of general education of college to enhance general culture. The degree of recognition rose higher in proportion to the age of the subject. Political Science and Business Administration majors(72.6%), Arts and Physical Education majors (70.5%), Liberal Arts majors (70.2%), Pharmacy majors (69.9?), Home Economics majors (61.7%) and Sciences majors (59.2%).
33.Wishes of the subjects as an alumnus on Sookmyung Women's University were the in augurating of night School (30.5%), local campus (21.5%), coeducation (13.8%), etc.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I.硏究硏究의 目的과 意義
• II.硏究의 內容과 制限點
• III.硏究方法
• 1.調査對象
• 2.調査道具
• 3.資料蒐集과 分析方法
• IV.結果와 論議
• 1.調査對象의 性格
• 가.調査對象 본인에 관한 事項
• 나.調査對象의 背景
• 다.調査對象의 家庭生活形態
• 2.生活의 諸般實態
• 가.職場生活
• 나.就業動機와 就業으로 인한 問題點
• 다.職場과 家庭生活
• 라.卒業後의 學習活動
• 3.價値觀
• 가.女性의 就業觀
• 나.子女觀 및 育兒에 관한 意見
• 다.生活目標
• 라.性役割觀
• 4.老後의 生活展望
• 가.男便 死亡시 生活能力
• 나.老後 生活方式
• 5.大學敎育에 대한 評價
• 가.專攻敎育의 有用性
• 나.敎養면에서 大學敎育의 有用性
• 다.淑大에 대한 希望事項
• V.要約 및 結論