壬辰倭亂期 湖西義兵 硏究 = (A) Study of hoseo uibyong during the "Imjin War'

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The "Imjin War"(Hideyoshi's Invasion of Korea), which broke out by the Japanese reckless invasion of the Korean peninsula, spread into the international warfare among three nations in East Asia and brought about a great change in the political dominion of the area of East Asia. Although Choson, which was the direct battlefield of the war, was damaged overwhelmingly by it, it could defeat the Japanese invasion because of "Uibyong" (voluntary corps or loyal army) activities spread centering around with populace.
Before the Imjin War, Cho Hon and Kim Chang-saeng, who were disciples of Yulgok and Ugye Song Hon, succeeded to the scholastic mantle of the school of Hoseo in the Hoseo district, besides Tojong Lee Ji-ham, Kochong Seo Ki and Seogye Lee Tuk-yun were distinguished scholars those days. These literary men participated in the war as the leadng class of the Hoseo Uibyong.
The leading class could be closely banded together on account of academical, consanguineous and territorial backgrounds. The academical background was the most important factor among them. Cho Hon, who was a representative chief of Uibyong in the Hoseo district, formed the academical background through the education of Confucian scholars a and disciples before the war. In case of the consanguineous background, that of Cho Hon's Uibyong, who come originally from the Kimpo district, must be based on the consanguineous background of the officers on his staff rather than himself. On the other hand the leading class of Cho Kang's Uibyong was mainly connected with blood relationships and followers. The territorial background of Hoseo Uibyong was strongly formed in Okchon, Chongju and Kongju districts. In case of Okchon, the Ssangbong Lecture Hall was already built in 1571, and the activities of Sajok(ruling class, men of noble families) were active. When the war broke out and raised Uibyong, the leading class of his Uibyong appeared mainly among them. Because Japanese army invaded the Hoseo district on May 2 and Cho Hon's Uibyong uprose on May 3, the rise of the Hoseo Uibyong was earlier than other districts. The reason was that Cho Hon had anticipated the war and prepared against it. After that, Cho Hon raised Uibyong four times could gather Uibyong almost all over the Hoseo districts. Besides Chang Ji-hyon raised Uibyong in Youngdong in the beginning of May, Park Cun-mu, Cho Kang and monk chief of Uibyong Yonggyu each raised Uibyong in Chongju in around July. And Lee Chung-pom in Okchon and Shim Su-kyong in Onyang raised Uibyong late in October. Therefore, the rise of Hoseo Uibyong proceeded continually until the government adopted a policy to make Uibyong government army.
Most of the Hoseo Uibyong were the former or incumbent officials who lived in the country and were active as Sajok. When Cho Hon raised Uibyong, provincial governor Yun son-kak interrupted recruiting Uibyong and didn't cooperate with Uibyong in actual combat. But some provincial mandarins in counties and prefectures participated in battle or cooperated with Uibyong. The reason was the lack of ability of the whole government army and the minimum responsibility for them to defend his district of jurisdiction.
The representative combats, in which the Hoseo Uibyong participated against the Japanese army, were the battle of the Castle of Chongju and the second battle of the Castle of Kumsan. When the Japanese army had occupied the castle of Chongju for three months, the chiefs of Uibyong Cho Hon, Park Chun-mu and monk chief of Uibyong Yonggyu attacked and took back the castle. Consequently, the Hoseo district could escaped the attack and brutality of the Japanese army because the Japanese army was expelled from Chongju which was the middle position on right and left province of the Hoseo district.
In the second battle of the Castle of Kumsan, because Uibyong, who had been stationed to advance into the Honam district, repulsed an attack by the Japanese army under the command of Cho Hon and Yonggyu, the Honam district, a granary, could be saved from the destruction. Cho Hon and Yonggyu made a plan to attack Kumsan in combination with Kwonyul who was the governor of the Cholla province. But Kwonyul's support forces didn't appear. The Japanese army became aware of the fact and attacked on both sides with the divided army. At last, the desperate and severe battle occurred there, and the result was that Cho Hon and Yonggyu's Uibyung died all in the battle, and the Japanese army was expelled in the direction of the Kyongsang province with the stationary troops in Muju and Yongdong.
Although the Hoseo Uibyong were at a disadvantage in the number of military force, in the fighting experience and in the weapons in hand as compared with the Japanese army, they could repelled the Japanese army from the Hoseo district in the attitude of mind armed solely with the idea of Confucian Justice.
Until now, the Hoseo Uibyong during the Imjin War was examined. This study is mainly focused on finding out the background of Hoseo Uibyong's uprising and participating in the war rather than the aspect of Hoseo Uibyong's activity all over the Hoseo district. Therefore, the construction and strategy of the Uibyong's military camp which Uibyong attended and employed in the war is obliged to be treated indifferently, but this field will be the subject of study in future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 緖論 = 1
• 1. 硏究目的 = 1
• 2. 壬亂義兵 硏究史의 檢討 = 4
• 3. 湖西義兵 硏究의 方向 = 16
• I. 湖西義兵 蜂起의 背景 = 21
• 1. 政治·社會的 背景 = 21
• 2. 思想的 背景 = 30
• II. 湖西義兵의 基盤 = 43
• 1. 學緣的 基盤 = 43
• 2. 血緣的 基盤 = 49
• 3. 地緣的 基盤 = 61
• 1) 沃川地域 = 64
• 2) 淸州地域 = 67
• 3) 公州地域 = 73
• III. 湖西義兵의 參與 樣態 = 75
• 1. 義兵의 蜂起 = 75
• 1) 時期 = 75
• 2) 檄文·通文 = 80
• 2. 前·現官의 義兵參與 = 85
• 3. 義兵과 官軍과의 關係 = 89
• IV. 湖西地域의 義兵活動 = 94
• 1. 士族主導의 義兵活動 = 94
• 1) 錦山地域 戰鬪 = 94
• 2) 淸州城 戰鬪 = 109
• 2. 義僧軍 活動 = 113
• 1) 義僧軍 蜂起 = 113
• 2) 湖西의 義僧軍 活動 = 115
• V. 湖西義兵의 性格 = 122
• 1. 嶺南義兵의 特徵 = 123
• 2. 湖南 義兵의 特徵 = 126
• 3. 湖西義兵의 性格 = 128
• 結論 = 131
• <參考文獻> = 137
• <家系圖> = 142
• ABSTRACT = 147