고압토양세척 기술을 이용한 유류로 오염된 주유소 토양의 정화 = Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Gas Station Soil Using High-Pressure Soil Washing Technology

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적 : 본 연구에서는 현장 주유소 토양을 대상으로 고압토양세척을 실시해 유류로 오염된 주유소 부지의 정화를 위한 기술로써 적용 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다.
방법 : 서로 다른 4곳에서 채취한 현장 주유소 토양(GSS, Gas station soils)을 대상으로 고압토양세척을 진행하여 cut-off size(0.075, 0.105 mm)에 따른 세척 후 미세토양 제거량과 정화 후 TPH 농도 분석을 했으며, 토양별 TPH 정화 효율과 유기물 함량 간의 관계를 평가하였다. 또한, 토양 응집체를 분산시키는 고압토양세척 기술의 해쇄력을 평가하기 위해 세척 전후 토양의 입도 분포 변화 확인 및 XRD 분석을 진행하였다.
결과 및 토의 : Cut-off size가 증가(0.075 mm → 0.105 mm)함에 따라, 토양별 미세토양 제거율이 증가하였으며 TPH 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. TPH 항목을 대상으로 토양오염우려기준 2지역(800 mg/kg)을 정화 목표로 하였을 때, GSS 3 에서만 정화 목표를 달성(630 mg/kg)한 것을 확인하였다. 토양별 미세토양 제거율은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 이는 실험에 사용된 토양 모두 동일한 토성(Sandy loam)에 기인한 결과로 판단되었다. 토양 별 세척 효율은 상대적으로 유기물 함량이 높게 측정된 토양에서 비교적 낮은 효율을 나타내었다. 입도 분포는 세척 후 2-0.850 mm의 구간에서 가장 큰 입자 감소율이 나타났으며, 0.105-0.075 mm, <0.075 mm 구간에서는 토양 입자가 증가하였다. 또한, XRD 분석을 통해 세척 후 Quartz의 peak intensity 증가와 점토 광물이 제거됨을 확인해 캐비테이션에 의한 토양 응집체의 효과적인 해쇄 및 미세토양 제거를 확인할 수 있었다.
결론 : 세척 전 토양 내 초기 유기물 함량 수준 파악 후, 오염부지의 토성과 경제성을 고려한 최적의 cut-off size 설정이 이루어진다면 유류로 오염된 주유소 부지의 정화를 위한 고압토양세척 기술이 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives : In this study, high-pressure soil washing was performed on in-situ gas station soils for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated gas station sites.Methods : On-site gas station soils (GSS) collected from four different locations were subjected to high-pressure soil washing to analyze the amount of fine soil removal and TPH concentration after washing according to the cut-off size (0.075, 0.105 mm). In addition, the four GSS were evaluated for the relationship between the organic matter content of each soil and TPH removal efficiency. Furthermore, to evaluate the disintegration force of high-pressure soil washing technology to disperse soil aggregates, the particle size distribution of the soil before and after washing was evaluated and XRD analysis was performed.Results and Discussion : As the cut-off size increased (0.075 mm → 0.105 mm), the removal rate of fine soil in the GSS increased, and the TPH concentration tended to decrease. With respect to the TPH Soil Contamination Warning Standard for Region 2 (800 mg/kg), only the GSS 3 was in compliance with the standard (630 mg/kg). There were no significant differences in fine soil removal rates among the soils, which was expected since all the soils tested represented the same sandy loam. Washing efficiencies by soil were relatively low for soils with relatively high organic matter content. The particle size distribution showed the largest particle reduction was in the 2-0.850 mm range after remediation, while soil particles increased in the 0.105-0.075 mm and <0.075 mm range. In addition, XRD analysis showed an increase in the peak intensity of Quartz and the removal of clay mineral after washing, confirming the effective breakdown of soil aggregates and removal of fine soil by cavitation.Conclusion : If an optimal cut-off size is established, considering the soil texture and economics of the contaminated site after identifying the initial organic content level in the soil prior to washing, it is anticipated that high-pressure soil washing technology will be effectively applied for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated gas station sites.

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