경제성장에 대한 르완다와 부룬디비교 연구: 국내외적인 요소 분석 = Comparative Study of Rwanda and Burundi Regarding their Economic Development: Focusing on International and Domestic Factors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the economic development gap between Rwanda and Burundi through comparative study. Even though these two countries have a similar historical background, Rwanda has made the better economic development compared to Burundi. To analyze the international and domestic factors that influence this economic gap between two, the interviews with people from political, economic and private sectors in Rwanda and Burundi are conducted. As the international factors, this research finds that Rwanda has effectively used foreign aid, and integrated into international market. On the contrary, Burundi has failed to do so. Regarding domestic factors, Rwanda has a powerful leadership of the president, Kagame while Burundi distributes its power to local governments. In addition, Rwanda has overcome the ethnic conflict, and thus achieved the better level of social integration. However, Burundi has suffered from long lasting civil war and failed to implement policies for solving the ethnic conflicts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 르완다와 부룬디의 경제성장에 대한 요인을 비교 분석하였다. 두 나라는 비슷한 역사적 환경을 가졌음에도 불구하고, 르완다의 경제발전의 정도가 부룬디에 비해 상대적으로 높다. 그 이유를 국외적인 요소와 국내적인 요소로 나누어 르완다와 부룬디의 정계, 재계, 민간의 주요 인사들과의 인터뷰를 통하여 분석하였다. 연구 분석 결과에 따르면, 르완다는 해외 원조를 효과적으로 활용하고 국제 시장에 적극적으로 편입함으로써 높은 경제성장을 이뤄냈다. 반면에 부룬디는 르완다에 비해 적은 해외 원조를 받고 있고, 이에 대한 활용도도 낮으며, 국제시장으로의 편입 역시 미약한 수준이다. 국내적인 요소로는 르완다 카가메 대통령의 강력한 리더십과 인종 갈등 봉합을 위한 노력을 르완다 경제성장의 요인으로 분석하였다. 이에 반해, 부룬디는 정치적 불안정을 수습할 만한 강력한 리더십을 가지고 있지 않았고, 르완다보다 훨씬 긴 기간 동안 지속된 내전을 겪으면서 인종 갈등을 봉합할 만한 정책도 수립하지 못한 것이 저개발의 요인으로 파악되었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 한상훈, "효과적인 부룬디 선교전략 연구 : EMA와 ECCA를 중심으로" 장로회신학대학교 대학원 2013
• 2 김광선, "함께하는 글로벌 공학교육 - ODA 연재: KOICA 지원 “르완다 국립대학 ICT 공학부 건립” 소개" 20 (20): 34-39, 2013
• 3 한건수, "한국의 아프리카 지역연구" 3 (3): 159-193, 2013
• 4 조원빈, "한국의 아프리카 연구 동향" 2 (2): 129-148, 2012
• 5 김동석, "한국의 대(對)아프리카 원조정책에 관한 비판적 고찰" 국제지역연구센터 17 (17): 283-312, 2014
• 6 이규인, "중부 아프리카의 의료현실-르완다, 에티오피아를 중심으로" 11 : 52-55, 2008
• 7 정봉근, "르완다 · 우간다 대학의 교육연구 역량강화를 위한 패키지형 ODA사업 발굴 및 예비타당성조사" 한국교육개발원 1-205, 2011
• 8 Samii, C, "Who Wants to Forgive and Forget? Transitional Justice Preferences in Postwar Burundi" 50 (50): 219-233, 2013
• 9 Idriss, S, "Who Can Prevent Genocide? Ask the Women of Burundi. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity" 16 (16): 57-61, 2000
• 10 Voors, MJ, "Violent Conflict and Behavior: A Field Experiment in Burundi" 102 (102): 941-964, 2012
• 11 Ndikumana, L, "Towards a Solution to Violence in Burundi: A Case for Political and Economic Liberalisation" 38 (38): 431-459, 2000
• 12 Westoff, CF, "The Recent Fertility Transition in Rwanda" 38 : 169-178, 2013
• 13 Przeworski, A, "The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry" Wiley-Interscience 1970
• 14 Devon, C, "The International Peacebuilding Paradox: Power Sharing and Post-Conflict Governance in Burundi" 112 (112): 72-91, 2013
• 15 Daley, P, "The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace- Making" 34 (34): 333-352, 2007
• 16 Salganik, M.J., "Sampling and Estimation in Hidden Populations Using Respondent-Driven Sampling" 34 (34): 193-239, 2004
• 17 Ansoms, A, "Rwanda's Vision 2020 Halfway Through: What the Eye Does Not See" 39 (39): 427-450, 2012
• 18 World Bank, "Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance:Managing Trade-Offs to Promote Sustainable Reforms" The World Bank 2014
• 19 Newbury, D, "Precolonial Burundi and Rwanda: Local Loyalties, Regional Royalties" 34 (34): 255-314, 2001
• 20 Vandeginste, S, "Power-Sharing as a Fragile Safety Valve in Times of Electoral Turmoil: the Costs and Benefits of Burundi's 2010 Elections" 49 (49): 315-335, 2011
• 21 Reyntjens, F, "Post-1994 Politics in Rwanda: Problematising ‘Liberation’ and ‘Democratisation’" 27 (27): 1103-1117, 2006
• 22 Boone, P, "Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid" 40 (40): 289-329, 1996
• 23 Breed, A, "Performing the Nation: Theatre in Post-Genocide Rwanda" 52 (52): 32-50, 2008
• 24 Silva-Leander, S, "On the Danger and Necessity of Democratisation: Trade-Offs between Short-Term Stability and Long-Term Peace in Post-Genocide Rwanda" 29 (29): 1601-1620, 2008
• 25 Bundervoet, T, "Livestock, Land and Political Power: The 1993 Killings in Burundi" 46 (46): 357-376, 2009
• 26 Van Leeuwen, M, "Imagining the Great Lakes Region: Discourses and Practices of Civil Society Regional Approaches for Peacebuilding in Rwanda, Burundi and DR Congo" 46 (46): 393-426, 2008
• 27 Andersen, R, "How Multilateral Development Assistance Triggered the Conflict in Rwanda" 21 (21): 441-456, 2000
• 28 Faradji, S., "Heart of Caution: An Analysis of Post-Conflict State Building in Rwanda" Carnegie Mellon University 2013
• 29 Bundervoet, T, "Health and Civil War in Rural Burundi" 44 (44): 536-563, 2009
• 30 Kayitesi-Blewitt, M., "Funding Development in Rwanda: The Survivors’Perspective" 16 (16): 316-321, 2006
• 31 Ingelaere, B, "Do We Understand Life after Genocide? Center and Periphery in the Construction of Knowledge in Postgenocide Rwanda" 53 (53): 41-59, 2010
• 32 Uvin, P, "Difficult Choices in the New Post-Conflict Agenda: The International Community in Rwanda after the Genocide" 22 (22): 177-189, 2001
• 33 Booth, D., "Developmental Patrimonialism? The Case of Rwanda" 111 (111): 379-403, 2012
• 34 World Bank, "Country Assistance Strategy for the Republic of Burundi" The World Bank 2012
• 35 Lemarchand, R, "Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo" 106 (106): 1-20, 2007
• 36 이은진, "Challenges of Saemaul ODA in African region: A Comparative Perspective with Rwandan villages" 한국지방정부학회 18 (18): 237-257, 2014
• 37 Easterly, W, "Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth?" 17 (17): 23-48, 2003
• 38 Reyntjens, F, "Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition after a Decade of War?" 105 (105): 117-135, 2006
• 39 Vervisch, T, "Bridging Community Associations in Post-Conflict Burundi: the Difficult Merging of Social Capital Endowments and New 'Institutional Settings’" 48 (48): 485-511, 2010
• 40 Beswick, D, "Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda-UK Relationship 1994~2011" 32 (32): 1911-1930, 2011
• 41 박정한, "3. 르완다 사례 연구보고서, In 아프리카지역 보건분야 협력방안 연구 시리즈" 2014
• 42 예상한, "2015 아프리카 국별 연구 시리즈 [르완다]" 아프리카미래전략센터 2015
• 43 조원빈, "2013년 케냐 대통령선거" 3 (3): 171-180, 2013
• 44 Gready, P, "'You’re Either with Us or Against Us’: Civil Society and Policy Making in Post-Genocide Rwanda" 109 (109): 637-657, 2010