한국 노인의 건강 문해(Health Literacy)실태와 영향 요인 -인구사회학적 특성을 중심으로- = Health Literacy in the Korean Elderly and Influencing Factors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to measure the health literacy among Korean elderly living in the community, and to explore the factors influencing health literacy of the elderly. A descriptive correlational research design was used. The sample consisted of 411 elders who were conveniently selected from the community welfare center users in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers between January, 7 and February, 4, in 2008. Health literacy was measured by Korean Health Literacy Scale developed by Lee(2008). Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. In result, the mean score of health literacy was 17.46(±5.73) with a range of 0 to 25, 42.8% of elderly had limited health literacy problems. Multiple regression showed that 26.5% of variance in health literacy was accounted for by the combination of education, age, living arrangement, and income. In conclusion, various strategies to improve health literacy in elderly population in the areas of health education and disease management should be needed to reduce health disparities among elderly.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 노인을 대상으로 건강 문해 수준과 이와 관련된 영향 요인을 확인하기 위함이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 2008년 1월 7일부터 2월 4일 까지 서울 및 경기 지역에 거주하고 있는 60세 이상의 노인 411명을 편의 추출하였으며, 일대일 면접을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 건강 문해 측정 도구는 이태화(2008)가 개발한 한국형 건강 문해 측정 도구를 이용하였다. 이 도구는 이해 및 수리 영역 14문항과 용어 영역 11문항의 총 25문항으로 구성되어져 있다. 자료 분석은 서술 통계, t-test, ANOVA, 문항 분석, 다중 회귀 분석을 이용하였다. 연구 결과 남자가 160명(39.0%), 여자 250명(61.0%)로 여자 대상자가 더 많았으며, 대상자의 건강 문해 도구의 평균 점수는 총 25점 만점을 기준으로 17.49(±5.73)이었다. 하부 영역별로 살펴보면 이해 및 수리 영역은 8.96(±3.61), 용어 영역은 8.53(±2.83) 이었으며 이것은 문해의 기준인 초등학교 졸업자의 점수에 가까웠고 평균 점수 이하의 응답자는 176명(42.8%)로 조사되었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 건강 문해 정도의 차이를 비교해 보았을 때, 보유 질환수를 제외한 성별, 연령, 교육 수준, 동거 유형, 월 소득, 병의원 이용 빈도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 건강 문해 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 교육 수준, 연령, 월소득, 동거 유형이 통계적으로 유의하였고, 이 변수들은 건강 문해의 26.5%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 건강 전문인들은 노인의 보건교육 및 질병관리, 의료이용의 영역에서 인구사회학적 특성을 고려한 다양한 건강 문해 향상 전략을 개발하여 노인의 건강성과를 높이는데 기여해야 할 것이다.

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