“Pythagorica communio & charitas” = Theory of Justice by Guillaume Budé and Thomas More

국문 초록 (Abstract)

에라스무스(1469-1536)는 자신의 『격언집』 첫머리에 “친구들은 모든 것을 공유한다”는 격언과 “우애는 평등, 친구는 또 다른 나[我]”라는 격언을 실은 바 있다. 이러한 편집방침은 결코 우연이 아니라 편저자의 사회철학을 어느 정도 보여 주고 있다고 할 수 있는데, 플라톤식의 공동체 이상을 암시해 주는 이러한 표현들은 사실 에라스무스뿐만 아니라 당대의 여러 인문주의자들에게서 공통적으로 발견되는 것들이다. 본고는 그 중 기욤 뷔데(1468-1540)와 토마스 모어(1478-1535)의 정의론을 비교해 봄으로써 당시 인문주의자들의 법철학에서 플라톤적 이상이 차지하고 있던 위상과 의미를 되새겨 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 뷔데가 모어의 유토피아를 위해 쓴 헌사 중 특히 “피타고라스적 친교와 친애”에 대한 언급에서부터 고찰을 시작하는 것이 우리의 작업을 위해 매우 유용하다고 하겠다. 요컨대 모어의 정의론이 평등의 가치에 중점을 두고 있었다면, 뷔데의 정의론은 형평의 가치에 중점을 두고 있었음을 알 수 있다. 보다 풍부한 고찰을 위해 본고는 뷔데의 『판덱텐 주석』 중 정의개념에 대한 그의 해설을 부가적으로 참고하기도 했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Erasmus granted to the adage “Amicorum communia omnia” the privilege to take the first entry among his six-volume Adages(ed. CWE, vol. 31-36). The idea which may be hinted at in this editing order refers to Platonic ideal of community, a reference which becomes more obvious when are remarked the common place in topic between the first and the second adage “Amicitia aequalitas. Amicus alter ipse”, and the common interest which can be found in other humanists of his days such as Guillaume Bude(1468-1540) and Thomas More(1478-1535). This paper aims to make sense of the French author’s philosophy of law by starting from the reading of his dedicatory letter to More’s Utopia. With as many disagreements as approvals, Budé articulates in the brief letter his idea of justice in comparison with that of More. In this respect, the phrase “Pythagorica communio & charitas” offers us a key to understanding these approvals and disagreements in the concept of justice between the two great thinkers. As E. L. Surtz rightly says, charity-based communism is exactly “an underlying consistency in the attitude” in most of the humanists of those days: More, Budé, Lister, and Erasmus. By the way, it is observed that an accent was put on a different precept of law in Budé’s theory of justice than in More’s utopian idealism. That is, while the latter advances an egalitarian point of view as fitting the communism, the former attempts to keep balances between commutative and distributive justices. A richer account of this concept is acquired when we attentively read Budé’s comments on D. 1, 1 in his Annotationes in Pandectas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• I. Introduction
• II. Philosophy of Law of Guillaume Budé
• III. Some Links of More to Budé in Political Philosophy
• IV. Concluding Remarks
• References
• <국문초록>

참고문헌 (Reference)

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