에벤에저 하워드의 가든시티 철학에 의한 레치워스 가든시티 조성과 변화 연구 = A Study on the Creation and Change of Letchworth Garden City by Howard’s Philosophy of Garden City

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 에벤에저 하워드가 주창한 가든시티의 철학을 살피고 그가 설립한 최초의 가든시티인 레치워스의 조성과 경관 변화를 살핀 연구이다. 노동자들이 대도시의 빈곤과 열악한 생활을 벗어나 안정된 환경에서 지역공동체를 이루어야 한다고 생각한 하워드는 도시와 농촌의 결합한 형태로 가든시티라는 이상향을 제시하고, 그것을 실현하기 위하여 레치워스 가든시티를 조성했다. 당시로써는 혁신적인 저가 주택, 임대주택의 보급, 우수한 근로 환경, 실용적인 진보 교육이 시행되었다. 레치워스의 유지과정에서 자본의 분배에 따른 갈등, 정부의 개입에 의한 위기가 있었으나 현재는 주민들이 만든 협동조합이 공동체의 지속을 위해 노력하고 있다. 본 연구를 토대로 현재의 주거는 교외의 전원주택지 성격이 강해졌고, 산업은 경제활동이 우수하지 않은 편이며 수입이 낮은 편임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에도 불구하고 레치워스 가든시티는 자체적으로 지속적인 개선을 위해 노력하고 있으며, 최초 가든시티의 정신을 유지하고자 뉴가든시티 운동으로 전개하고 있다. 내일의 도시를 지속해서 만들고자하는 노력은 현재 도시의 자족성에 관한 다양한 문제를 지니고 있는 우리나라 도시정책에 시사하는 바가 크다고 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is a study of the creation and landscape changes of Letchworth, the first Garden City founded by Ebenezer Howard. Howard believed that workers should move out of the poverty and harsh life of large cities and establish a community in a stable environment. Howard proposed the ideal of Garden City as a combination of urban and rural areas and created the Letchworth Garden City to realize it. At the time, innovative low-cost housing, rental housing, excellent working conditions and practical progress education were implemented. In the process of maintenance of Letchworth, there was a conflict due to the distribution of capital and a crisis caused by the intervention of the government. Currently, the cooperatives made by the residents are trying to maintain the community. Based on this study, it is confirmed that the current residential area has stronger rural residential area, and the industry is not economical and has low income. Notwithstanding these results, Letchworth Garden City has been working on its own continuous improvement and has been developing into the New Garden City movement to maintain the spirit of Garden City for the first time. It is thought that the efforts to make the city of tomorrow continuously have a great impact on the urban policy of our country which has various problems about the self-sufficiency of the present city.

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