我国精神障碍患者非自愿住院机制建构理路探析 = nalysis of the construction of involuntary hospitalization mechanism in Chinese patients with mental disorders

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

since the reform and opening up, with the economic and social development and progress, our country of each national group's right of life and health concern in patients with mental disorder gradually refined as a special group has attracted national attention. The current prevalence of mental disorders has increased year by year trend, since 2002, the country from all levels to all kinds of security measures including legislation adopted in patients with mental disorders, try our best to make this group can get better treatment and social security, the Ministry of health in 2002,the Ministry of civil affairs and other four ministries jointly issued “the China mental health work plan (2002-2010)” as the beginning, it marked the establishment of a preliminary mental health system in our country.
Currently, China's health care in patients with mental disorders is still in the initial stage, the state for the protection of patients with mental disorders are more starting from the legislation and policy, protection of the specific matters is still in the exploratory stage. In fact, for the protection of patients with mental disorders but also to the provisions of the constitution of the state respects and protects human rights ”the strong response in patients with mental disorders, as vulnerable groups, is also a part of national human rights construction, to guarantee its completeness and not directly related to the quality of the domestic and international protection of human rights in China. From the perspective of law, good operation mechanism of involuntary hospitalization in patients with mental disorders should follow the law The principle of law, due to the lack of awareness of the protection of personal rights of special groups, highlighting the ”safeguard measures to take when in according to the law” is particularly necessary, specifically, is to adhere to the established principles of law, requirements of patients with mental disorder involuntary hospitalization of all medical conditions must be legally established，not any provisions to adhere to the law of value balance principle for involuntary hospitalization of patients with mental disorders, the state should weigh a variety of legal value in legislation, make reasonable regulations, there is a minimum limit to adhere to the principles, requirements of the rights of people with mental disorders limit should be kept to a minimum level. The construction of the last involves involuntary hospitalization of patients with mental disorder mechanism, which can be from the rescue of involuntary hospitalization and involuntary hospitalization security two aspects to promote, for the rescue of involuntary hospitalization, should consider the particularity of its implementation, and on mental disorder patients whether the implementation of rescue measures of involuntary hospitalization the judgment standard，should consider the establishment of relevant evaluation and standards, so as to avoid misjudgment. For the security of involuntary hospitalization, need to clarify its meaning, to understand the use of the measures of motivation, namely the police power, of course for the police the right to do a comprehensive understanding, in view of the characteristics of strong attack, need to make necessary Limitations.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

改革开放以来，随着经济社会的发展与进步，我国对各个国民群体的生命健康权关注在逐步细化，精神障碍患者作为一个特殊的群体也受到国家重视。当前精神障碍患者患病率呈现逐年上升趋势，自2002年以来，国家从各层面着手，对精神障碍患者采取包括立法在内的各种保障措施，尽最大努力使这一群体能够得到较好的治疗与社会保障，以2002年卫生部、民政部等四部委联合下发的《中国精神卫生工作规划（2002-2010）》为开端，标志着我国建立了初步的精神卫生体系。 目前，我国精神障碍患者的健康保障尚处于起步阶段，国家对于精神障碍患者的保护更多的是从立法与政策等方面入手，具体的保护事宜还处于探索阶段。其实，对精神障碍患者进行保护也是对宪法规定的“国家尊重和保障人权”的有力回应，精神障碍患者作为弱势群体，也属于国家人权建设的一部分，对其保障周延与否直接涉及到国内外有关我国人权保障好坏的评价。从法律角度看，精神障碍患者非自愿住院机制的良好运行需要遵循一定的法律原则，由于该特殊群体个人权利保护意识缺失，对其采取的保障措施时凸显“于法有据”就显得尤为必要，具体来说，就是要坚持法律既定原则，要求精神障碍患者非自愿住院医疗的一切条件必须是法律既定的，不能任意规定，要坚持法益价值权衡原则，针对精神障碍患者非自愿住院医疗，国家在立法时应该权衡各种法律价值，作出合理规定，还有就是要坚持最小限制原则，要求对精神障碍患者权利的限制应该保持在最小的程度。最后就涉及到精神障碍患者非自愿住院机制的建构问题，对此可以从救护性非自愿住院与保安性非自愿住院两个方面推进，对于救护性非自愿住院，应该考虑其实施的特殊性，以及对精神障碍患者是否实施救护性非自愿住院措施的评判标准，应考虑建立相关的评价与认定标准，以免发生误判。对于保安性非自愿住院，需要明确其内涵，要明白使用该措施的理据，即警察权，当然对于警察权要做全面理解，鉴于其攻击性较强的特点，需要对其作出必要的限制。

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