Functional Abnormalities of HERG Mutations in Long QT Syndrome 2 (LQT2)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P> The chromosome 7-linked long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in the<I> human ether-a- go-go-related gene</I> (<I>HERG</I>) that encodes the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K<SUP>+</SUP> current, I<SUB>Kr</SUB>, in cardiac myocytes. Different types of mutations have been identified in various locations of HERG channel. One of the mechanisms for the loss of normal channel function is due to membrane trafficking of channel protein. The decreased channel function in some deletion mutants appears to be due to loss of coupling with wild type <I>HERG</I> to form the functional channel as the tetramer. Most of missense mutants with few exceptions could interact with wild type <I>HERG</I> to form functional tetramer and caused dominant negative suppression with co-injection with wild type <I>HERG</I> showing variable effects on current amplitude, voltage dependence, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Two missense mutants at pore regions of HERG found in Japanese LQT2 (A614V and V630L) showed accentuated inward rectification due to a negative shift in steady-state inactivation and fast inactivation. One mutation in S4 region (R534C) produced a negative shift in current activation, indicating the S4 serving as the voltage sensor and accelerated deactivation. The C-terminus mutation, S818L, could not express the current by mutant alone and did not show dominant negative suppression with co-injection of equal amount of wild type cRNA. Co-injection of excess amount of mutant with wild type produced dominant negative suppression with a shift in voltage dependent activation. Therefore, multiple mechanisms are involved in different mutations and functional abnormality in LQT2. Further characterization with the interactions between various mutants in <I>HERG</I> and the regulatory subunits of the channels (<I>MiRP1</I> and <I>minK</I>) is to be clarified.