江寧自治實驗縣에 對하여 : 南京政府 內政改革實驗의 一例 = Chiang-ning Self-Government Experimental Hsien
저자
李炳柱 (陸士 史學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1979
작성언어
Korean
KDC
331.5
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
281-311(31쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The Kuomintang (KMT) government which obtained central power in 1928 faced two fundamental tasks to be resolved: (1) consolidation of central and local political system, and (2) solution of social and economic problems, both of which were in utterly confused and distressing situation due to a decade old warlordisrn in China. Except for the formation of the Five-Yu‥an Government, however, the Nanking Government's efforts to accomplish these two tasks had been delayed for several years owing to the division within the KMT, struggle against the Chinese Communist forces in Kiangsi, and AntiChiang movement. All of these took place simultaneously from 1928 through early 1930's. But, spurred by the strong trends of a nation-wide rural reconstruction movement and under the threat engendered by rapidly spreading Communist influence in the rural area the government could no longer neglect the tasks. Thus from 1933 on it initiated a number of policies related to the tasks. Establishment of Chiang-ring Self-Government Experimental Hsien was one of such policies. Together with Lan-chi experimental hsien the Chiang-ning experimental hsien was a political experiment which the Nanking Government entrusted to the Kiangsu Provincial Government to seek best answers in solving the problems involved with the tasks at local levels, namely the consolidation of the local government system and rural reconstruction. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to lay bare actual conditions and difficulties of local government and also to help further clarify the charcters of the Nanking Government by examining in detail the contents of the Chiang-ning experiments.
The Chiang-ning Self-Governmental Hsien was established by Ku Chu-t'ung, a confident of Chiang Kai-shek and then governor of Kiangsu Province, at the recommendation of Chiang Kai-shek on Feb. 10, 1933. This establishment was the first materialization of the "Hsien Administration Reform Plan" at the Second National Interior Administration Conference, wchich was held at Nanking in December, 1932, under the leadership of Ch'en Kung-po, Minister of Interior, an Ran Nei-kunang, Vice Minister of the same ministry, both of whorn were leaders of the KMT left-wing faction.
The aim of the experimental hsien was to experiment hsien government reforms in behalf of the central government as a model case. Therefore, the experimental hsien received special privileges and assistance from the KMT and the central government, both in human and in financial recources. The Commission for Hsien Government, an advisory body for the experimental projects, mostly consisted of the in fluential party leaders and high-ranking governmental officials. Hsien magistrate and many of his staff members were chosen from among the Central Politiad University professors and graduates, who were supposed to be faithful KMT elites. Financially, it was allotted as much anual expenditure as four times of those of other hsien in the same province.
The Chiang-ning hsien experment was conducted for four years from 1933 to 1937. Experimental approach of the hsien was a top-down one in which the hsien government attempted to reform administrative system and improve the hsien people's life mainly through the exercise of governmental power.
The hsien experimental project was carried out in two phases: the first phase to be the administrative reform, and the second the reconstruction of the rural area. The first phase programs included reforms in administrative system, population and land administration, and financial administration. The second phase programs dealt with educational reconstruction, economic improvement, public works, improvement in public health, and training of self-government.
As for the results of the experiment, the first phase of administ rative reform was relatively successful. The experimental hsien government demonstrated an efficient and honest government, and the bases of irregularities and graft by corrupt officials were eliminated. However, there was a strong impression that the administrative reform measures were primarily for more effective control of the village people rather than for the promotin of self-government at the grass-roots. In the second phase of rural reconstruction, the hsien government's endeavor in material reconstruction also achieved some good results. It brought about improved living conditions for the people in such aspects as education, sanitation, public work, and security. But the development of self-government capabilities and social reform measures were either neglected or unsuccessful. Considering that the ultimate aim of the hsien experiment was to develop the people's self-government abilities and rural reconstruction, the Chiang-ning experiment was on the whole a failure, achieving less than a half of its ultimate goal.
This failure was recognized by Mei Ssu-p'ing, magistrate of the hsien, and Ch'en Kuo-fu, governor of Kiangsu since 1935. According to these people, main reasons for the failure appear to have been (1) the hsien government's top-down reform approach in which the government's view was unilaterally imposed on the people with little consideration of the people's needs, and (2) the disharmony between the magistrate and members of the hsien advisory commission deve loped from 1934 on and the resulting passive support to the hsien on the part of the KMT leaders. In this writer's opinion these reasons are reasonable, reflecting general tendency of conservatism of the KMT leaders of the time. And one more reason to be added is that Japanese aggression of China in July. 1937 deprived the Nanking Government of opportunities to analnyze the results of the experiment and to be of help to reforming other hsien by applying the analysed results.
Lastly, it seems that the change in the degree of the KMT's support to the experimental hsien had a great to do with the change in power relationship between the right and left wing factions within the KMT before and after 1935. As is well-known, the alliance relationship between the two factions broke down after the shooting incident of Wang Ching-wei in 1935 and withdrawal of left wing leaders from the Nanking goernment followed. Thus it seems natural that the support to the experimental hsien from the Nanking Government
which was dominated by the right wing faction diminished. Also, the alleviation of the CCP's threat in rural area caused by its flight to Yenan must have contributed to the loss of the government's interest in the reform experiment.
서지정보 내보내기(Export)
닫기소장기관 정보
닫기권호소장정보
닫기오류접수
닫기오류 접수 확인
닫기음성서비스 신청
닫기음성서비스 신청 확인
닫기이용약관
닫기학술연구정보서비스 이용약관 (2017년 1월 1일 ~ 현재 적용)
학술연구정보서비스(이하 RISS)는 정보주체의 자유와 권리 보호를 위해 「개인정보 보호법」 및 관계 법령이 정한 바를 준수하여, 적법하게 개인정보를 처리하고 안전하게 관리하고 있습니다. 이에 「개인정보 보호법」 제30조에 따라 정보주체에게 개인정보 처리에 관한 절차 및 기준을 안내하고, 이와 관련한 고충을 신속하고 원활하게 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다음과 같이 개인정보 처리방침을 수립·공개합니다.
주요 개인정보 처리 표시(라벨링)
목 차
3년
또는 회원탈퇴시까지5년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한3년
(「전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한2년
이상(개인정보보호위원회 : 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준)개인정보파일의 명칭 | 운영근거 / 처리목적 | 개인정보파일에 기록되는 개인정보의 항목 | 보유기간 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
학술연구정보서비스 이용자 가입정보 파일 | 한국교육학술정보원법 | 필수 | ID, 비밀번호, 성명, 생년월일, 신분(직업구분), 이메일, 소속분야, 웹진메일 수신동의 여부 | 3년 또는 탈퇴시 |
선택 | 소속기관명, 소속도서관명, 학과/부서명, 학번/직원번호, 휴대전화, 주소 |
구분 | 담당자 | 연락처 |
---|---|---|
KERIS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 정보보호본부 김태우 | - 이메일 : lsy@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0439 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0195 |
KERIS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 개인정보보호부 이상엽 | |
RISS 개인정보 보호책임자 | 대학학술본부 장금연 | - 이메일 : giltizen@keris.or.kr - 전화번호 : 053-714-0149 - 팩스번호 : 053-714-0194 |
RISS 개인정보 보호담당자 | 학술진흥부 길원진 |
자동로그아웃 안내
닫기인증오류 안내
닫기귀하께서는 휴면계정 전환 후 1년동안 회원정보 수집 및 이용에 대한
재동의를 하지 않으신 관계로 개인정보가 삭제되었습니다.
(참조 : RISS 이용약관 및 개인정보처리방침)
신규회원으로 가입하여 이용 부탁 드리며, 추가 문의는 고객센터로 연락 바랍니다.
- 기존 아이디 재사용 불가
휴면계정 안내
RISS는 [표준개인정보 보호지침]에 따라 2년을 주기로 개인정보 수집·이용에 관하여 (재)동의를 받고 있으며, (재)동의를 하지 않을 경우, 휴면계정으로 전환됩니다.
(※ 휴면계정은 원문이용 및 복사/대출 서비스를 이용할 수 없습니다.)
휴면계정으로 전환된 후 1년간 회원정보 수집·이용에 대한 재동의를 하지 않을 경우, RISS에서 자동탈퇴 및 개인정보가 삭제처리 됩니다.
고객센터 1599-3122
ARS번호+1번(회원가입 및 정보수정)