제국과 도시국가, 인민주권의 태동: 역사적 맥락의 마르실리우스 = The Empire and City-States, the Emergence of popular Sovereignty: Marsilius in Context

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is to examine the background and meaning of popular sovereignty in Marsilius, who is a late 13th- and 14th-centuries thinker.
Through this, I intend to explicate the popular sovereignty in Marsilius and its current implications. According to Marsilius, the sovereign authority, which is the legislative authority in the political community, lies with the whole body of citizens or people. The whole body of citizens is described as a universal political actor who contributes to the existence of a political community that makes a good life in both material and moral sense possible. Marsilius’ understanding of the people stems from a strong challenge to the Pope who destroys the peace of the political community. Marsilius understands the people as universitas through political unity with which to encompass the empire, the city state, the emperor and the citizens. In contrast, in contemporay politics, popular sovereignty seems to be sometimes used as a political tool for distorted populism or partisan politics. Through the exploration of Marsilius’s conceptualization of popular sovereignty in historical context, it is expected to have an opportunity to critically reflect on the current state of popular sovereignty today

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 마르실리우스 사상을 통해 14세기 인민주권론이 등장하는 정치적 환경과맥락을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 마르실리우스의 인민주권의 함의와 현재적 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 마르실리우스에 의하면, 정치공동체의 최고의 권위인 입법적 권위는 전체시민 혹은 인민에게 있다. 전체 시민은 물질적으로, 도덕적으로 좋은 삶을 가능케 하는정치공동체의 존속에 기여하는 보편적 정치행위자이다. 마르실리우스의 인민에 대한이해는 정치공동체의 평화를 와해시킨 교황에 대한 강력한 도전에서 비롯되었다. 마르실리우스는 제국과 도시국가, 황제와 시민을 대립적으로 구분하지 않고 그들을 아우르는 정치적 통합 속에서 보편적 존재로서인민을 개념화하였다. 이와 대조적으로, 현대 정치에서 인민주권론은 때로 왜곡된 포퓰리즘 혹은 당파 정치의 도구로 사용되고있는 듯하다. 역사적 맥락에서 제시된 마르실리우스의 인민주권론의 탐색을 통해, 오늘날 인민주권론의 현황을 비판적으로 성찰하는 기회를 갖고자 한다.

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