환경문제의 도전 : 지구환경선언과 국제해양지리학 헌장 Declaration of Global Environment and interational Charter on Ocean Geography = A Challenge of Environmental Problems
저자
예경희 (청주대학교 사범대학 지리교육과)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2000
작성언어
Korean
KDC
322
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
91-128(38쪽)
제공처
소장기관
UNCED held in Rio De Janeiro in 1992 offered a unique Opportunity in awakening the world to the vital need for a new development process that does not jeopardize future generations. The Rio Conference produced a series of global agrements for a pursuit of sustainable developments:
(1) Agenda 21 of UNCED: A comprehensive and far reaching programme for a global actions to affect the transition to sustainable development:
(2) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development: 27 principles defining the rights and responsibilities of states and groups.
(3) A set of principles to support the sustainable management of forests worldwide.
(4) Two legally binding Conventions aiming to prevent global climate change and to protect biological diversity.
Ocean 21: Science for sustainable use of ocean and coastal zones is a co-operation programme convened by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC) and the International Geographical Union(IGU) in the framework of the 1998 International Year of the Ocean. It is intended to contribute to the assessment of the interaction between natural and social processes involving the ocean with the aim of implementing social awareness and optimizing management patterns.
The Lisbon Charter adopted by the International Geographical Union in the context of the 1998 International Year of the Ocean are dealt with (i)the role of geography in the framework of inter-disciplinary approaches to the ocean research and education; (ⅱ)integration between physical and human geographical approaches; (ⅲ)the definition of ocean research fields; (ⅳ)collaboration design between geography and policy.
International Charter on Ocean Geography that adopted Lisbon Charter is presented and adopted by the 29th International Geographical Congress(14-18 August, 2000, Seoul Korea).
The content tables of International Charter on Ocean Geography are below.
(1) The changing role of the ocean
(2) The epistemological setting of geography
(3) Ocean geography of the 21st century
(4) The role of the International Geographical Union
The approaches of International Charter on Ocean Geography are below.
(1) Visa-a-vis the changing patterns of ocean management, the conventional, internal epistemology of geography, consisting of a cluster of well delimited research sectors, should ben complemented by holistic approaches according to which all the geographical branches concerned will contribute to the setting up of integrated knowledge about individual subjects.
(2) The idea that only coastal and marine geographers should be concerned with the design and implementation of ocean geography for the 21st century will have to be abandoned, The opposite idea will be adopted according to which all the branches of geography able to contribute to the assesment of the interaction between human communities and the ocean are warmly invited to participate in geographical approach to the ocean. The distinction that geographical research arenas are divided into "terrestrial" and "oceanic" has to be abandoned.
(3) Geography will be based on three arenas:
·coastal geography, concerned with the coastal systems, extending seawards up to the outer edge of the continental margin(physical criterion) or the outer limit of the international maritime jurisdictional zones(legal criterion);
·deep-ocean geography, concerned with the ocean extending seawards from the outer edge of the continental margin(physical criterion) or embracing the high seas and the deep seabeds(legal criterion);
·regional ocean geography, concerned with the ocean regions and ocean regionalisation triggered by multi- national co-operation and other natural and social factors.
(4) The International Geographical Union will concentrate efforts on three points:
·The research context-with the objective of mobilizing physical and human geographers to integrate sectoral views, and to meet the demand for holism-inspired and sustainable development-aimed investigations. Therefore, effective inter-disciplinary collaboration will be carried out especially in the framework of the international research programmes.
·The educational context-essentially concerned with the design of inter-disciplinary courses and appropriate tool to implement and disseminate generalist and specialist skill for sustainable development of coastal and deep-ocean areas.
The institutional framework-consisting of strategies, programmes and action plans of inter-governmental organizations, mainly UN organizations, and non-governmental organizations, where geographers will co-operate with a view to optimizing the interaction between the political and scientific approaches, and with the aim of meeting the needs of local communities.
In these fields, benefiting from their conceptual and methodological expertise to focus on the interaction between the natural environment and human presence and activities at sea, geographers will join other scientists in dealing with ocean global change and in pursing ocean sustainable development.
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