開放化時代의 水産經濟學의 課題 = The Problem of Fisheries Economics Arising form the Liberalization of Korean Economy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, fishery economics is reviewed to extend a basic opportunity for developing new fishery economics and to evaluate the effects of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure of Korea.
The principle outline of extensions emphasis to realize the modern fishery problems based on fishery economics and develop the practical methodology in order to analyze the impacts of the import liberalization on the fishery and fishermen welfare. During the process of export-oriented industrilization, the role and position of fishery in the economy is changed dynamically. When faced with the imperative of the role and position of fishery in the economy, fishery economics and domestic policy makers must decide how to organize themselves for solving fishery problems under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Fishery problems impacted by the new regime can not be solved by fishery itself but be solved by the centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. Therefore the new systematic analytical methodology must be develop and the traditional fishery economics must be related to the regional development strategy and fishery sociology as subsidiary theories specialized.
Due to the impacts of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure, fishery economists face with redical changes in the domestic fishery : a place of the resources harvest to place of the combination resource harvest and its demand, a fishing as a resource exploitation to a fishing as a resource management, a traditional small scale costal fishing to a modernized and scaled fishing, fishery using the given natural resource itself to fishery as technology intensive industry, and a food supply industry to a welfare indusry based on the regional and economic resource and social environment. As these changes, fishery and its community's regional and economic resource and social environments as multiple roles of the regional economic development are emphasized in fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade.
Furthermore, domestic policy makers and administrators in a public sector must realize the above redical changing trends in fishery and understand a social and economic environment in fishery and develop a new fishery structure focusing on the fishing system and the fishery laws. As this point, they make efforts to improve and develop fishery as a food supply industry. Japan, for example, has a non-governmental organization to conflict the problem of international fishery such as a movement of a civil environmental protection. Also fishermen in Japan already realized conservation and pollution problems in fishing as fundamental issues of human being.
In focusing on these realizations, fishery economists and organizations must emphasize a role of education and information in structuring public sector collective relationship in fishery.
Also they cope with difficulty of the import liberalization on the fish trade positively and this difficulty takes into account after due a consideration of conserving domestic resources and fish consumers. Generally, the effects of the import liberalization of agriculture products has dampening effects on the production and farm income through reduction of prices of farm products in the domestic market. The impact of complete liberalization of farm products seem serious. But these effects on the fish trade are differ from that of agriculture and may enhance domestic fishery including a costal fishery, an inshore fishery and a deepsea fishery in long run if this difficulty is solved by a centralization of the fishery resource management reponsibility in professional skills, specialized knowledge, quick access to relevant data, and quantities of time and energy. Such a pinpointing of fishery resource management responsibility for difficulty of the import liberalization on the fish trade reconstructs a domestic fishery strongly.
Finally, it is realized that the public income policy based on the fish products in the domestic market is not enough to remove problems of fishery and fish community practically. In fishery, a critical problem is not occurred by the role of fishery as food supply industry but the well-being of fisherman and fish community considering the given regional fishery resources and social and economic environments. This critical fishery problem can not be solved by efforts of an administration but be solved by centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. These centralized efforts focus on the regional development and the regional specialization in fishery depended on the given regional and social environments. Otherwise, a public income policy may accelerate the out-migration of fishing community people to urban sector and further reduce the rate of self-sufficiency of fish and weaken fishery in the domestic market.
It is likely to premature to conclude that fishery economists emphasis to include a regional fishery, a regional development and a fishery sociology and the specialized theories of these are integrated into one fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade structure.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 論
• Ⅱ. 經濟開發과 漁業環境의 變化
• 1. 産業構造高度化와 漁業의 空洞化
• 2. 國際漁業環境의 變化
• Ⅲ. 日本漁業經濟學의 硏究動向
• 1. 戰後 復興期
• 2. 高度成長期 以後
• Ⅳ. 開放化時代의 漁業經濟學의 課題
• 1. 開放化의 意味
• 2. 開放化時代의 漁業 및 漁村의 役割變化
• 3. 漁業經濟學의 課題
• 4. 漁業經濟學의 展開方向
• Ⅴ. 結 論
• Summary