家畜市場의 構造와 機能에 關한 調査硏究 : 京機道를 中心으로 With Special Reference to Kyunggi Province = A Study on the Structure and Functioning of Livestock Markets

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. This study attempted to obtain the fundamental information to settle the marketing system for improving the marketing structure and modernization of livestock.
2. The number of livestock markets which scattered over in kyonggi province amounted ot as of 1978, showing 40 percent decrease in number, compared with 67 markets of 1964
3. considering that the average area per livestock was 1,159 Pyong, the building spare 42 Pyong, the average area of the cemented tie ground 74 Pyong, the average number of poles to hold the cattle 255 respectively, the facilities of the market were proved to be very poor and unsanitary.
4. Looking at the distribution of the livestock markets by the size of transactions on the basic of head of the cattle saled, 57 percent f the total markets traded less than 50 head, indicating that the number of the livecattle traded per market day means very small in size.
5. The average distance between the rural regular markets and the livestock markets was 1.8 kilomiters, and 58 percent of the total livestock markets were located too close to the rural regular markets, which caused serious problems of polution and sanitation inevitably.
6. Cattle were traded through measurement both by scale and by eye under the control of cattle-brokers. 65 percent of the livestock markets had the measuring scales and only two markets were in trade by auctioning, in addition to the middleman system, which meant that the trades were being taken place unscientifically.
7. The distribution of the livestock markets by opening dates indicated that 20 percent of the total markets were opened on 1st and 6th, 15 percent and 2nd on 2nd and 7th, 20 percent on 3rd and 8th, 15 percent on 4th and 9th, 15 percent on 5th and 10th of the month. The opening dates were equally distributed.
8. The market-opening hour was a little different according to seasons. 82 percent of the markets opened at near 9 o'clock p.m. Thus, the reason for the early close of the markets were attributable to the employment of a man to haul the cattle purchased for draft cattle and to transport the cattle to a slaughtering house.
9. A total number of cattle saled in all livestock markets in 1978 amounted to 178,967 head, which made 5,965 head per livestock market. This was equivalent to 10 percent and 19 percent decease as compared with that of 1976 and 1977 respectively. The decreasing tendency of the numbdr marketed by year was attributed to a decrease in trading the draft cattle due to the agricultural mechanization and relative drop in livestock prices on account of imported meats.
10. The largest number of marketed livestocks was 159 head for live cattle, 110 head for live hogs, while the smallest number was 58 head, 25 head and also the usual number 119 head, 71 head reapectively. Therefore, the reason why the liverstock market is called as the cattle market is because of the dominent of the cattle in the livestock markets.
11. A total of live cattle marketed in 1978 was 108,523 head. In comparison with that of 1976 and 1977 the head of cattle decreased by 13 percent and 14 percent respectively.
12 An average rate of trading marketed livestock in 1978 was 60 percent for live cattle, 69 percent for live hogs. Comparing these by year there were 62 percent in 1976 and 61 percent in 1977 for the live cattle which are lower than that of 1978. In case of hogs, the rate trading was 65 percent in 1976 and 61 percent in 1977, which indicated flexibility in trade.
13. An average sum of transactions per market ranged from the highest 36,892, 111 won to the lowest 12,817,286 Won for live cattle and the usual amounted to 23,891,556 Won.
14. In case of regular markets visiting the livestock markets day the largest number was 28 persons, he smallest number 12 persons, the usual number 19 persons, while the largest number was 25 persons, the smallest number 10 persons and usual number was 16 persons in case of traveling merchants.
15. A total of 31 middlemen were engaged transactions of the cattle per market day, which consists of 16 legal middlemen and 15 illegal middlemen on average.
16. it was found that 33 percent of visitors collected necessary information from merchants, 39 percent from agricultural cooperatives, 22 percent from livestock market, and 3 percent from central wholesale market. This indicates that exact announcement of information is very urgent.
17. It was found that livestock markets aere totally administered and managed by livestock markets the livestock markets the livestock cooperatives manages 28 markets which is equivalent to 70 percent and agricultural cooperatives 12 markets which is corresponding to 30 percent of the total.
18. As to the methods of trading cattle, there was no market depended only on the auction sale, most of the markets were in trade by the middlemen, and two of them were in trade by the combination of auction sale and middlemen sale system, Therefore it is unable to secure the objectivity of trade at most of the markets.
19. An average market entry fee of livestock was 294 Won for a large cattle 186 Won for a medium cattle, and 100 Won for a calf. An average brokerage of livestock markets was 4,320 Won for a large cattle, 3,000 Won for a medium cattle, and 2,000 Won for a calf. The brokerage which is corresponding to less than 1 percent of the sum of transactions was 4 percent and less 1 to two percent was 96 percent. mostly one to two of total amount of the transactions is being collected for the brokerage.
20. The percent of number of livestock markets significantly decreased through integration or mergence due to a change in marketing circumstances, but existing numbers and their locations cannot consider to be suitable to the change in production structure and marketing environment till now. Therefore, in future, the numbers and locations of livestock market should be integrated or merged into the market which is adequate to a principal producing district so as to take advantage of economic of scale.
21. Since most of livestocks in livestock markets are traded by means of the evaluation of eye measurement without conducting standardization and grading a fair transaction has not been established. Therefore, in future, not only the standardization and grading of the livestock but also auctioning system should be practiced in the livestock markets by eliminating transactions throught the eye measurement.
22. The existing dualistic organization should be unified into a livestock cooperatives as a single system for the efficient operation of the market. Therefore, the prevailing dualistic system should be unified into the livestock cooperative and also a new system must be emplemented for promoting the efficient operation of the livestock markets.