공적으로 신학하기(Doing Theology Publicly): 헤르만 바빙크를 중심으로 = Doing Theology Publicly in Herman Bavinck’s Prolegomena

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to consider Herman Bavinck’s theological prolegomena in terms of the current public-theological debate between the Chicago and the Yale school. Bavinck’s public theology represented by his prolegomena serves as an alternative to the problem of universality and particularity of Christian theology: Bavinck makes public arguments about the knowledge of God without losing Christian particularity.
In his prolegomena, Bavinck argues for theology as a science 1) by articulating theological principia in a reasonable way that is open to all reasonable persons through the Logos theory and 2) by stressing the formal function of faith and correlating faith and special revelation in theological principia. From the perspective of the foundation of theological knowledge, Bavinck seeks to make theology a science belonging properly within the university. With his commitment to put theological principia on strictrly public grounds, Bavinck is a public theologian in terms of the standards of David Tracy and Linell E. Cady. On the other hand, Bavinck emphasizes the indispensability of theologian as a believer in doing theology as a special science. Also, Bavinck acknoweldges that there are no universal criteria which can be identified to evaluate the validity of Christian faith outside the context of the community of all believers. Rather than determining the ground of faith in terms of the standards of universal rationality, Bavinck presupposes the validity of first principles of Christian faith as in other sciences scientists assume first principles as true until proven false. In this sense, Bavinck’s approach is similar to the position of the Yale school because postliberal theologians propose a public way of doing theology as emphasizing coherence of theological truth claims within a particular faith community with shared convictions and languages.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 헤르만 바빙크의 신학서론을 최근 시카고 학파와 예일 학파 간 공적-신학 논쟁의 관점에서 살펴 보는 것이다. 신학서론에서 드러나는 바빙크의 공공신학은 기독교 신학의 보편성과 특수성 논쟁의 이슈에 하나의 대안이 될 것이다. 바빙크는 기독교 특수성을 훼손하지 않고도 하나님 지식에 관한 공적인 논증을 제공한다.
바빙크는 신학서론에서 학문으로서의 신학을 위한 논증을 다음과 같이 제공한다: 1) 그는 로고스 이론을 통해 모든 합리적인 사람들에게 열려 있는 논리적인 방식으로 신학적 원칙들을 제시한다; 2) 그는 신앙의 형식적 기능과 신학적 원칙들 내 신앙과 특별 계시의 상호연관성을 강조한다. 신학적 지식의 기초를 제공하는 것으로부터, 바빙크는 신학을 대학교 내에 합당하게 속할 학문이 되도록 추구한다. 신학적 원칙들을 공적 근거 위에 놓으려는 시도를 통해서 볼 때, 바빙크는 데이빗 트레이시와 리넬 캐디가 제시하는 공공신학의 기준에 걸맞는 공공신학자이다. 다른 한편으로, 바빙크는 특별학문으로서 신학을 수행할 때, 신학자가 신자여야만 하는 필수불가결성을 강조한다. 또한, 바빙크는 모든 신자들의 공동체 이외에 기독교 신앙의 타당성을 평가할 수 있는 보편적 기준은 존재하지 않는다는 것을 인정한다. 보편적 합리성의 기준으로 신앙의 근거를 결정하는 것이 아니라, 바빙크는 다른 학문에서 학문의 제 1원칙들이 오류가 입증될 때까지 참으로 가정하는 것처럼, 기독교 신앙의 제 1원칙들의 타당성을 전제한다. 이런 측면에서, 바빙크의 접근 방식은 예일 학파의 입장과 유사하다. 왜냐하면 후기 자유주의 신학자들은 신학을 공적으로 행하는 방식으로 특정 확신과 언어를 공유하는 신앙 공동체의 신학적 진리 주장의 정합성을 강조하기 때문이다.

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