지엠의 글로벌 전략 변화는 성공적이었는가? : 2018년 한국지엠 군산공장폐쇄를 중심으로 = Productivity of Change in GM's Global Strategy : Looking Based on GM Korea's Disputes in 2018

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One possible way to understand the situation of GM Korea's which received ₩810 billion from the Korean government in 2018, is to know how GM has managed its global strategy and to evaluate whether the strategy has produced good results.
We looked at the failure of ‘World Car’ strategy, M&A strategy and the failure of it, and the rise of Korea GM. We saw that GM’s trial of selling Opel after GM’s bankruptcy and the strategic reduction of GM Korea’s production ability as a result of the reversal of the decision. As a result of such failures, GM had to sell Europe GM and had come to close the Gunsan factory in Korea.
We can summarize the GM’s new strategy as follows. In the North American market, low oil prices and high tariffs are favorable for light commercial vehicles. The second strategy is to raise relatively high profits through cheap cars in the Chinese market. All other markets are virtually withdrawn or passive.
From this point of view, GM Korea’s production capacity is not important, and the 2018 ROK-US FTA renegotiation has also contributed to this strategic goal. As a result of the renegotiation, first, GM defended the US market from Korean auto-makers, because Korean automobile companies that have developed pickup trucks for the US market will not be able to sell them to the US market till 2040. The second is that the US auto-makers can export to Korea 50,000 units per brand per year without being regulated by Korea, so GM can sell cars as much as that of have been sold in Korea.
According to the contract which was agreed between GM and Peugeot, GM will be able to enter the European market again from the beginning of August 2020.
Looking at the above, the goal of GM want to get through GM Korea is expected as follows. First, improve cash flow by securing subsidies from Korean government. Second, they will close one or more factories including Gunsan factory. Third, GM Korea will lower its cost structure through labor negotiations. Fourth, maintain the research manpower until 2020 and carry out model changes to be put into European market after summer 2020. Finally, by 2020, it will hire a new worker at the time of entry into production and will try to re-enter the European market with significantly lowered labor cost.
In other words, at least until 2020, it is expected that GM Korea will reorganize its company as a research-centered organization and maintain its production capacity minimum.
So, it is necessary to impose certain legal obligations on the management of multinational corporations in Korea. In other words, it is necessary to make a law to force the intellectual property right made by the investment of a corporation in Korea to belong to a Korean subsidiary.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김현철, "제4차 산업혁명과 자동차산업" 한국생산성학회 31 (31): 111-134, 2017
• 2 김현철, "위기를 기회로: 한국GM사태의 평가와 대응전략" 2018
• 3 김현호, "기업의 혁신전략과 보완성에 관한 연구: 자체 R&D개발과 외부 기술조달" 한국생산성학회 31 (31): 245-270, 2017
• 4 황현일, "글로벌 생산의 위계적 통합과 한국지엠의 구조조정" 비판사회학회 (113) : 173-204, 2017
• 5 "Wikipedia"
• 6 "OICA"
• 7 사회연대포럼, "GM을 넘어 자동차산업, 제조업활성화를 위한 토론회"
• 8 GM, "GM-Global-Q4-and-CYTD-2017-Sales-Chart"
• 9 김현철, "A Business Model View on TOYOTA Crisis" 한국생산성학회 27 (27): 387-399, 2013
• 10 GM, "2017 Form 10-K"