Tender Is the Night에 對한 傳記的, 精神分析學的 硏究 = A biographical, psychoanalytical study on Tender Is the Night

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The predominant mode of perception in the depiction of the emotional and spiritual decline of Dick Diver in Tender Is the Night is psychological. The novel is not just the story of the failure of a promising young doctor or a tragedy of a romantic marriage. In a sense, it is faithful recount of psychological breakdown of Zelda and the "emotional bankruptcy" of Fitzgerald himself-a pair of queen and laureate of the Jazz Age. And it was such deep emotional involvement of the author to which many critics ascribed the failure of the novel.
Since the novel is thus paternized as psychological and biographical, I adopted the psychological and biographical approach in my attempt to analyze the rise deterioration, and fall of the main characters, Nicole Warren and Dick Diver. In Chapter Ⅱ, Ⅰ commented the significance of biography. In Chapter Ⅲ, a part of the main body of this thesis, I investigated Dr. Diver's dual world of ideal and reality, his personality and surroundings and then traced the process of Dr. Diver's physical and spiritual deterioration. In Chapter Ⅳ, I presented the causes Diver's deterioration.
The background of Dick Diver, in which he has grown to be a stoic, and the background of his wife, an insane daughter from a wealthy but unruly household, were incompatible from the very beginning in their fabric of married life. The tragedy was already in store for Dr. Diver when he was perchased, in spite of his feeling of resistance, by Warren family. Nicole recovers from her symptom by transferring her outraged affection for her father to her psychiatrist-husband. On the other hand, Dr. Diver's dual role as husband-physician to his wife over shadows the realisation of his ideal, forcing him to assume the heavy responsibility and obligation for Nicol.
In the later part of the novel, however, the role of physician-patient is reversed, and Ni cole's abandonment of Dr.Diver as both a husband and a doctor can be interpreted as a sign of her complete cure and the beginning of the final ruin of her husband. And Dr. Diver's deterioration and final ruin can be interpreted by Freudian theory. According to Freudian theory, mental or spiritual breakdown appears when human beings are frustrated by the stress of their environment, or when they become the victim of the strict control of their Super Ego. When such phenomena occur the accumulation as well as the discharge of the attack instinct begins. Dr. Diver at first overcomes the stress steming from his self consciousness about the rich, and completely sublimates his instinctual impulse in his Id realm with the strict import of his Super Ego. But he is gradually ruined in the process of repression, isolation, regression, undoing and projection, which result in the defense of resources for the uneasiness of a Super Ego.
Many critics maintain that the cause of Dr. Diver's deterioration is uncertain or unreasonable. But it would to more accurate to say that the causes are proliferated, and only when one tries to analyze the changing aspects of Dr. Diver's unconscious and conscious realm based on the principles of Freudian psychology does the deterioration of Dr. Diver become clear and reasonable. Fitzgerald may have failed to present his subject objectively as many critics claim, but he surely succeeded in his portrayal of the complex nature of the emotional and spiritual conflict of an idealist wiho was eventually victimized by the irresponsible and corrupted world of the rich and materialism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. Tender Is the Night에 對한 傳記的 意義
• Ⅲ. Dick Diver의 人間性 및 그의 世界와 破滅過程
• 1. Dick Diver의 人間性
• 2. Dick Diver世界의 二重星
• 3. 破滅의 心理的 變遷過程
• Ⅳ. 破滅의 要因
• 1. 外的 要因
• 2. 內的 要因
• Ⅴ. 結論
• Bibliography
• SUMMARY