小豆品種의 特性에 關한 硏究 : 生態型의 分類와 諸特性 相互間의 關係 Ecotype classification and relationships between various characteristics = Studies on the Adzuki bean Varieties in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라 小豆 在來種 및 地方蒐集種 50品種, 日本 品種 33品種, 美國에서 導入한 5品種 都合 88品種을 材料로, 그들의 生態型과 盛熱群의 分類를 하고, 生態型과 諸形質間 成熱群과 諸形質間 그리고 諸形質相互間의 關係를 본바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다.
1. 生態型의 分類는 開花日數의 短, 長에 따라 Ⅰ∼Ⅴ의 5階級으로 나누고 結實日數의 短中長(a,b,c)을 相互組合하여 分類의 基準으로 하고(Table 1) 이들의 組合으로 供試品種의 生態型을 Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅰc, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅲc, Ⅳa, Ⅳb, Ⅴa, Ⅴb, Ⅴc의 13生態型으로 나누었다. 그中 우리나라 在來種은 大部分 Ⅲb, Ⅲc, Ⅳa, Ⅳb의 生態型에 屬하나 地方蒐集種中에는 Ⅱa, Ⅲa, Ⅴa, Ⅴb, Ⅴc에 屬하는 特殊한 品種도 있었다. 그러나 日本品種은 우리나라 品種과는 달리 大部分의 品種이 Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅰc, Ⅱa, Ⅱb에 屬하는 品種들이었다. (Table 2).
2. 成熱群의 分類는 生育日數의 長短에 따라서 極早生(0)에서 極晩生(Ⅸ)의 10成熱群으로 나누었다.
우리나라 在來種은 大部分 Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ 群의 4個群에 屬하고 早生種에 該當하는 Ⅰ群, 極晩生에 該當하는 Ⅷ, Ⅸ群에 屬하는 品種도 있으나 日本品種의 大部分은 極早生(0) 또는 早生(Ⅰ)에 該當하는 品種들이었다 (Table 3).
美國品種은 供試品種이 적고 그들의 生態型과 成熱群이 우리나라 在來種이나 日本品種과 같으며 이들 品種은 우리나라 또는 日本에서 美國으로 導入된 品種으로 믿어진다.
3. 生態型과 成熱群 사이에는 高度의 正(+)의 相關關係를 보았다. (Table 4).
生態型 및 善熱群과 開花日數, 生育日數, 100粒重間에도 正의 높은 相關關係를 보았으나 生態型 및 成熱群과 開花其間 一株粒數間에는 負(-)의 相關關係를 보았고, 그리고 生態型 및 成熱群과 其他形質間에는 明瞭한 相關關係를 볼수 없었다.(Table 5).
4. 小豆形質中 質的形質인 胚軸色, 夾色 그리고 粒色의 相互關係를 보고자 胚軸色과 엽夾色(Table 6) 胚軸色과 夾色(Table 7) 그리고 夾色과 粒色(Table 8)과의 關係를 본바 이들 質的形質 相互間에는 明瞭한 關係가 보이지 아니 하였다.
5. 量的形質에 該當하는 開花日數, 開花其間, 成熱日數, 生育日數, 一株莢數, 一株粒種, 그리고 100粒重 相互間의 關係를 본바 大　로 開花日數 結實日數 生育日數, 相互間에는 正의 相關이 보이나 一株莢數와 100粒重間 一株粒數와 100粒重間과 같이 負의 相關이 보이는 境遇도 있었다. 그리고 開花日數와 100粒重 生育日數와 100粒重 사이에는 正의 相關이 있으나 一株粒重 卽 收量과 正의 相關이 보이는 形質은 一株莢數와 一株粒數의 2個形質이었다. 이와 같은 結果로 미루어 보아 小豆의 收量은 一株莢數와 一株粒數에 크게 影響을 받으며 晩生種일수록 粒重은 增價하나 開花日數와 生育日數等 生育其間의 長短은 小豆의 收量에는 크게 影響하지 아니하는 것으로 믿는다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Experiments were carried out to classify the ecotypes and maturity groups, and to clear the relationships among these ecotypes, maturity groups and some characters of Adzuki bean varieties in Korea.
Adzuki bean varieties used as the material were 88,5 varieties introduced from America, 33 Japanese varieties and 50 local varieties collected from the experiment station and some provinces in Korea. These varieties were grown in the Experimental Farm, Chinju Agricultural College, Kyunhsang Namdo, Korea. Seed sowing was conducted at two times with two replications on June 15th in 1963 and June 6th in 1964.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. Ecotypes were classified from the standpoint of the periods from sowing to flowering and the periods from flowering to maturity as shown in Table A.
Table A.
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Ecotype Symbols | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | a | b | c
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Sowing to flowering(days)|-50 | 51-60| 61-70| 81- | | | |
Floweringtomaturity(days)| | | | | | -50 | 51-60 |61-
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All varicties were classiffied into 13 ecotypes of Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅰc, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅲc, Ⅳa, Ⅳb, Ⅴa, Ⅴb, Ⅴc symbols. Korean local varieties, however, belong to 9 ecotypes of Ⅱa, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅲc, Ⅳa, Ⅳb, and Ⅴc, respectively(Table 2).
2. Durations from sowing to maturity were from 90 to 145 days in June sowing plots of all varieties. From the standpoint of the durations, maturity groups were classified into 10 groups from group O, extreme early, to group Ⅸ, extreme late, but our local varieties belong to 7 maturity groups of Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, and Ⅸ symblos, respectively (Table 3).
3. In the studies, it was observed that there were some close relations between these ecotypes and maturity groups (Table 4), between the ecotypes and some characters, and between the maturity groups and some characters in the growing and ripening process of the Adzuki bean varieties (Table5).
4. Some qualitative characters, hypocotyl color, pod color, grain color and hilum color, were also observed in this study. There was no clear relation among these qualitative characters of the varieties as shown in Tables 6, 7, and 8.
5. Correlation coefficients among eight characters, ecological and morphological characters which are quantitative characters, are shown in Table 9. From this table, it was observed that there were some close positive correlations among the days from flowering to maturity and the days to maturity etc,, however, there were some negative correlations or no correlation between durations of flowering and some ecological characters, between the days to flowering and some quantitative characters, and between the days to maturity and some quantitative characters, except between the grain weight and ecolgical characters, days to flowering and days to maturity.
It was also observed that there were close positive correlations among some yield components, pod numbers per plant, grain numbers per plant and grain weight per plant etc., however, there were some negative correlations or no correlation between these characters and 100 grain weight.
From the results, it was recognized that late varieties could be produced large grains and Adzuki bean yield is affected by some quantitative characters, pod numbers per plant and grain numbers per plant, except the flowering period and the growing period of the varieties.