한국 공적개발원조(ODA)정책의 성격에 대한 실증분석 = An Empirical Study on Korean ODA Policy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 1992년부터 2008년까지의 한국 ODA 분배자료에 대한 통계분석을 토대로 한국 ODA 정책의 성격을 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국의 ``무상 ODA``,``유상 ODA``, ``총 ODA``를 종속변수로 하고, ``현실주의``와 ``자유주의``에 입각한 제 변수를 독립변수로 하였다. 그리고 한국 ODA 배분결정과정은 수혜국 선택단계와 규모결 정단계로 구분되는바, 헤크만(Heckman)의 이단계 분석모델을 사용하였다. 이 같은 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 현실주의 관점에서 도출된 ODA 대상국과 미국과의 동맹여부 및 한국과의 무역 규모와 대상국에 대한 한국의 투자규모가 주요한 변수가 되고 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 자유주의 관점에서 도출된 주요한 변수들 중에서 대상국의 경제적 수준은 한국의 ODA 배분정책 결정과정에서 주요한 고려요인이 되고 있는 반면에, 인권 수준이나 전쟁 및 내전변수는 그렇지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결국 DAC 가입 이전의 한국 ODA 정책은 자유주의보다는 현실주의적 관점이 강한편임을 알 수 있다. 이 같은 경향은 자유주의적 목표도 주요한 고려대상이 되고 있는기존 DAC 회원국들의 ODA 정책과 비교된다. 따라서 이에 대한 심도 있는 검토가 요구된다 하겠다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to uncover the characteristics of korean ODA policy by an empirical analysis on the distributions of korean ODA from 1992 to 2008. In doing so, this study sets up three types of dependent variables: ``granted ODA``, ``loaned ODA``, ``total ODA,`` which are explained with two theoretical arguments: ``Realism`` and ``Liberalism.``And due to the fact that the decision making process for the distribution of korean ODA takes two stages: to select ODA recipients; and to decide the size of the ODA for the selected ODA recipients, this study employes a ``Heckman two stage analysis.``The results of this study are as follows: it is found that three variables derived from realism are related to distributions of korean ODA, such as the US alliances, the size of trade with korea, as well as the size of direct investments of korea toward the ODA recipients; on the other hand, among those variables rooted in liberalism, the economic level of ODA recipients is significantly associated with the distribution of korean ODA; however no role of the level of human rights of the ODA recipients, the occurrence of civil wars as well as international wars in them is played in the korean decision making process regarding ODA. The results reveal that korean ODA policy more relies on realism than liberalism. And the findings demonstrate that in comparing to trends of ODA distribution of other members of DAC, korean ODA policy needs to take care of international norms such as human rights.

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