전통의 창안과 여성의 국민화 = The Invention of Tradition and the Nationalization of Women in postcolonial Korea -Making Shin Saimdang an Image of "Good mother-Good wife"

국문 초록 (Abstract)

전통적 한국여성상을 대표하는 신사임당은 1970년대에 그 지배적인 의미를 완성한 근대역사의 구성물이다. 그는 민족, 식민주의, 국가와 여성이 맺는 관계가 문제되는 역사적 국면마다 등장하여 조명되고 재해석되었다. 애국계몽기 신사임당은 ‘규식여자’의 하나로 조명되었다가 총동원체제기 황민을 욕망한 지식인들에 의해 ‘군국의 어머니’로 형상화되었다. 이후 사라졌던 신사임당은 1960-1970년대 민족중흥의 근대화프로젝트 하에서 국가와 여성운동 모두에 의해 ‘한국적 현모양처’로 부활하였다. 박정희 정권의 국가영웅화 작업을 통해 태어난 신사임당이 고난과 역경에 찬 근대화를 수행하는 국가주의적 현모양처라면, 대한주부클럽에 의해 제정된 사임당상은 가정과 사회를 넘나들며 근대화를 이끌어가는 ‘초여인’이다. 1970년대의 신사임당 상(像)은 일제말기 천황체제가 생산한 여성주체상의 흔적을 갖고 있다. 박정희 정권은 전통의 수사학을 국가주의적 발전주의와 조화롭게 결합시키는 여성상을 제시했다면, 여성운동 세력은 그에 부응하여 ‘여성의 국민화’ 프로젝트를 추구했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Shin Saimdang who represents an image of the traditional Korean woman, is a historical construct fabricated into its dominating meanings. Her image was shed light on and was reinterpreted in historical periods. Especially whenever the relationship between women and nationalism, colonialism or state was a problematic issue in Korean modern history. During the period of Enlightenment Shin Saimdang drew attention as one of the noble women (Yangban) who was knowledgable. Then during the war mobilization under the rule of Japan she was depicted as a ‘Mother of Military State.’ After disappearing with the emancipation under the modernization project for “a rehabilitation of the nation,” she was revived as a “Korean good mother-good wife” by both the Park Jung Hee regime and a group of women`s movements. While an image of Shin Saimdang formed through making her the symbol of the ideal Korean good mother-good wife by the Park regime, another image of her was formed by the Club of Korean Housewives who thought of her as the ‘super woman’ who lead the process of the modernization in both sides of home and work. An image of Shin Saimdang in the 1970s retains traces of the subject produced by the system of the Japanese Emperor. While Park`s regime suggested that the image connected the a traditional rhetoric and statistic developmentalism, a group of women`s movements sought to ‘make women the focus of the nation.’