신조류 이론에 근거한 리더십(Leadership) 측정에 관한 고찰 : 변혁적·거래적 리더십 중심으로 Focused on transformational and transactional leadership = A Study on Leadership Measurement based on New Trend Theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to set related variables for leadership measurement in the leader of a community organization as an effort to Community development constantly.
Therefore, in this study, first, various theories on leadership were reviewed. Second, approaches and variable relationships were reviewed by leadership theory study.
Third, leadership measurement variables were set based on Bass's theory, one of new trend theory, to measure the leadership of Transformational the community organization leader.
As a follow up, clear and scientific analysis, through empirical analysis, based on the variables set in this study will be made to measure leadership of a community organization after creating investigation tools based on the variables set in this study.
A literature study was mainly used. Human Behavior by Dr. Han-geom Lee, 'Leadership Theory' by Eung-seop Shin, many other related books, articles of the Human Relation Organization Association, and theses and Bass s writings.
Major findings of this study, through the literature study, were as follows. As conventional leadership theories, characteristics theory, behavior theory and situational leadership theory were proposed.
First, characteristics theory searches the characteristics of an effective leader. It proposes that effective leaders and ineffective leaders have different characteristics, respectively. Therefore, it proposes to study the leader's
characteristics. However, there is not a fixed definition for leader's characteristics. Scholars make different definition on leader s characteristics, and they are very subjective. Thus it cannot be a valid theory.
Second, behavior theory describes how the leader behaves to his fellows. It studies leader's behavior focusing on what type and what combination is the most effective in all situations. However, it has weakness in that it focuses on a leader s behavior only, and ignores the situational features.
Third, situational theory describes the relationship between leadership type and situation. It suggests that there is not a single leadership style that can suit all situations. It emphasizes the relationship between leadership type and situation. Although situational theory considers more variables than characteristics theory or behavior theory, it also sees situations as static and fixed. Although Fiedler's theory tried to comply with situations, he did not analyze interactions between a leader and his fellows.
New trend leadership theory, charismatic leadership, Transformational leadership and transactional leadership were proposed.
Charismatic leadership develops its theory, as the leader with charismatic effects will be differentiated from general leaders. transformational leadership identifies the relationship between the leader and members of the organization. It proposes the leadership that will innovate the values of the fellows or the order of the organization.
To make a simple definition, Bass s Transformational leadership is to develop, stimulate and consider the members so that they can overcome their personal interests for a higher goal, calling and vision of the group.
He proposed that an transformational leader could make better achievement than expected through following 3 methods.
First, an transformational leader will enhance the understanding on expected importance to their followers.
Second, he induces his followers to overcome their personal interests for the goal of the group.
Third, he changes the need level of his juniors.
Especially, charisma encouraged by the leader penetrates faith in a better future to his fellows. Charisma emphasizes internal reward rather than external reward related to the expectation of the juniors.
Although it may a more concrete and realistic theory than those three conventional theories mentioned above, more studies on reactions to environment or change are expected.
Related variables based on new trend theory are as follows. To measure transformational leadership and transactional leadership, general characteristics of members and their boss in the organization such as demographic features including gender, age, average income, gender of the senior and age of the senior were used. To measure transformational leadership, vision provision from charisma, self respect, respect, viewpoints in problem solving from intellectual stimulus, capability to propose various angles on problems, training time in individual consideration, consideration on personal situations were proposed as measurement variables. To measure transactional leadership, reward according to support in conditional reward system, reward according to task, provision of profit in achieving the goal, leader s concentration on mistakes in proactive exception management, fast decision making, business principles of the senior, interference when problem arise in passive exception management, corrective actions after mistakes of juniors, and chronic presence of difficult problems were shown as measurement related variables.
Therefore, development of an organization according to the leadership of a leader in community organization can be measured through empirical analysis, based on this study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 리더십의 연구의 동향
• 1. 리더십의 정의
• 2. 리더십 관련이론
• 3. 신조류 리더십 관련 이론
• 4. 리더십 연구에 대한 접근법과 변수관계
• 5. 변혁적 리더십이론에 근거한 측정관련 변수
• Ⅲ. 결론
• 참고문헌