조르주 쇠라의 「서커스의 여흥」재해석 = Regarding Seurat's La Parade de Cirque

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The studies about Seurat"s 「la Parade de Cirque」(l887-1888) have been centered on analysing how Charles Henry"s pseudo-scientific theory of expression is applied in the painting and interpreting its meaning according to the theory, deciding whether it is ‘dynamogene’ , or ‘inhibitrice’ . But in many cases they are misleading, assuming Seurat intended gayness or calmness. Henri Dorra assumed that Seurat’s intention in 「la Parade」 was expression of gayness but the result was that the gayness of the scene was suppressed by the hand of Seurat. W. Homer interpreted the expressive function of the painting as the expression of equilibrium and calmness, because he thought that the horizontal lines dominate the picture, complementary colors are in harmony, and that the amount of light colors is equalized with the amount of dark colors. Robert Herbert saw that dark colors dominate the picture so as to endow the painting sadness of feeling, but like Homer, he thought the dominating lines were horizontal.
However when we re-examine 「la Parade」 carefully, we find that dominating direction in the painting is downward and dominating colors are dark blues and greens. Therefore, the expressive function of 「la Parade」 according to C. Henry"s theory is ‘inhibitory’. The fact shows that Seurat"s intention was not the expression of gayness or calmness, but the expression of sad, melancholic feeling.
The sad, melancholic feeling in 「la Parade」 is related to the Symbolist poets" expression of melancholic world of circus - sad clowns and pierrots. The Symbolist poets identified themselves with sad pierrots, but Seurat identifies himself not with the circus musicians but with the spectator so that he keeps a distance from the scene.
R. Herbert suggested an naturalistic interpretation based on the documents such as circus posters and photographs showing the realities of 19th century life. But the subjective deformation in 「la Parade」 transcends the naturalistic meaning to create unreal, dreamlike atmosphere.
The melancholic feeling in 「la Parade」 can be related to Seurat"s critical attitude toward 19th certury bourgeois society which is suggested in the images of spectators. They show Seurat"s awareness about social classes and the alienated individual among the mass. The melancholic emotion finds its peak expression in the image of the lonely spectator in back profile. His image looks back C. D. Friedrich"s lonely individuals in back profile contained in one"s self.
In 「la Parade」 Seurat created a symbolic image suggesting an individual"s melancholic inner landscape by endowing melancholic emotion, using the plastic language based on a symbolist theory of expression, to an ordinary genre scene from 19th century Paris bourgois society.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 샤를르 앙리의 표현이론에 따른 해석에 대한 재검토
• Ⅲ. 「서커스의 여흥」에 나타난 우울한 정서: 그 의미와 특성
• Ⅳ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract