明臣朱之蕃的朝鮮留墨考– 以丙午使行為中心 = Analysis on the Korean Literature of the Minister Zhu Zhifan in Ming Dynasty ‒ Centered on the Actions of the Envoy of Bingwu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In February 1606, Emperor Ming ordered the scholar Zhu Zhifan and Liang Younian, who was the deputy chief of etiquette department, has been served as the deputy envoy to Korea. During the mission, Zhu Zhifan, Li Haomin, Liu Gen, Xu Feng and many other Korean literati have formed nice relations through poems. As the envoys who left the most literature in Korea, the exchanges between Zhu Zhifan and Korean literati played an important role in the history of cultural exchanges between the two countries. In the course of his friendship with Li Haomin, Zhu Zhifan wrote an inscription for the Zhangci pavilion and gave a copy of the book he brought to Korea as a friendship gift. In the existing literature records, Zhu Zhifan is the most abundant Korean envoys of Ming and Qing dynasties. This is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: diverse document records, various forms of retention, calligraphy, poetry and prose transmission. In other words, Zhu Zhifan’s inscription and stone carving are often combined with poems and songs, or broadcast through rhythms of later generations. The calligraphy and poems complement each other, and it can be said that “books are transmitted by poems, and poems are revealed by books”. As a model of “foreign exchange of book art”, this kind of multi-cultural communication mode combining book and text is of great significance in cultural history. Finally, Zhu Zhifan’s literatures in Korea have fully reflected the cultural tradition of Chinese literati in famous mountains and resorts. The inks enshrine buildings (stone walls) with cultural attributes and humanistic information, thus creating a cultural exchange space for Korean and Chinese people to express their poetry and prose. In addition, Zhu Zhfan’s Korean literature also plays an irreplaceable role in the political and diplomatic level. The author uses the title as diplomatic means to express his political stance and convey the political views of the country he represents through the inscription and publication, which is called “calligraphic diplomacy”.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1606年2月明神宗命翰林修撰朱之蕃, 禮科左給事梁有年為正·副使出使朝鮮. 此次使行中, 朱之蕃與李好閔· 柳根·許筠等眾多朝鮮文人以文結緣, 賦詩贈答. 作為朝鮮留墨最多的使臣, 朱之蕃與朝鮮文人的書藝交流在兩國 的文化交流史上有著舉足輕重的地位. 朱之蕃與館伴李好閔交遊過程中, 為｢彰賜亭｣題額, 並將自己攜帶入朝鮮的 親書小楷刻帖當作慰問禮物相贈. 在現存的文獻記錄中, 朱之蕃是朝鮮留墨最為豐富的明清使臣. 這主要體現在文 獻記錄龐大, 留墨形式多樣, 書藝詩文共傳三個方面. 即朱之蕃的題額·刻石往往與詩文唱酬相結合, 或是通過後人 的題詩而流傳, 書藝·詩文相得益彰, 可謂‘書因詩傳, 詩以書顯’. 這種書·文相結合的多元文化交流方式作為‘書藝 外交’的典範具有十分重要的文化史意義.
最後, 朱之蕃的朝鮮留墨充分反映中國文人於名山勝地命名題額的文化傳統, 其題額·題石賦予建築(石壁)文化 屬性和人文信息, 構築成為朝·中文人詩文唱酬的文化交流空間. 此外, 朱之蕃的朝鮮留墨在政治外交層面也有其 不可取代的重要作用, 書者將題額·題石化作外交手段, 通過題額的摸刻·刊行表明使行中自身的政治立場, 傳遞 所代表國家的政治主張, 即所謂的‘書藝外交’.

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