신라 지명 ‘금산金山’의 연원과 ‘김천金泉’에 대한 새로운 이해 = A Study on the Place Names, ‘Geumsan’ in Silla and ‘Gimcheon

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지명김천⾦泉은연원이금산⾦⼭에있음을주장하면서, 이것을논증하기위해김천의유래, 금산의연원, 그리고뒤에금산이김산으로읽혀진소종래를살펴보았다.
옛금천⾦泉이란명칭은‘금산의샘’[⾦⼭泉]의약칭이다. 이것에더하여물맛이매우좋아서, 뒷날에최고최상의샘이라는뜻을더한중의적의미의금샘(⾦之泉, ⾦泉)으로인식되었다. 이것이와전되어금릉승람에서김천은금이나는샘이있었던것에서유래한것으로기술해놓았으나, 이것은* ⾦昌謙, 김천대학교기초교양학부특임교수징∙ 7 8 ∙ 국학연구 Vol.57 근거가없다. 물맛이좋다는것을과장하여금이나는샘으로견강부회한것이다.
⾦⼭이란지명연원을살펴보았다. 음운상금산은‘검산’이다. 신라경덕왕대지명개정에서고대순우리말‘달達’은한자‘⼭’으로대치되었다. 그러므로‘금산⾦⼭’은‘금달⾦達’에서온것이다. 여기서‘⾦’은 ‘검다’(黑)를, ‘달達’은‘들’ (벌)을음차한표기이다. ‘⾦達’은검은들의한자표기이다. 그리고금달은검달>검>거믄>거믄들이다. 또모음조화에의해‘거문들’로발음된것이다. 결국금산은하천을가진기름진들판과집단거주지를의미한다.
거문들에서금산이란지명이유래하였다.
‘금천’이행정구역명칭으로사용된것은‘금산’에연원을두고있다. 삼국사기지리지에는금산현⾦⼭縣은종전의어떤다른명칭을개정하였다고기술하지않았다. 앞선신라진평왕대에‘금산당주⾦⼭幢主’라는관직이있는것에서, 금산이란지명은경덕왕의지명개정보다훨씬이전시기인진평왕대부터있었다고본다.
한편우리의성씨와지명에서‘⾦’을‘김’으로읽은것은, 역사적으로는원元 의지배를받은사실과더불어당시중국음‘진’(gin)의영향으로‘짐’으로변이된것에까닭이있다. 그러므로금산이짐산>김산으로, 금천이짐천> 김천으로말해진것은고려후기부터라고보겠다. 이후에 과도교정현상으로김산과김천으로정착되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this article, I argued that the name Gimcheon originated from Geumsan. In order to clarify this, I looked at the origin of Geumcheon, the origin of Geumsan, and the history of Geumsan to Gimsan in the later period.
The name Geumcheon is an abbreviation of ‘Geumsan’s well’.
And the water from this well tasted exceptionally good. Therefore, in later days, the well of Geumsan was recognized as a golden well with the highest meaning. However, this was misrepresented, and it was written in the Geumneungseungram that there was a well that pro duced gold.
On the other hand, I looked at the origin of the place name Gimsan.
Phonically, Gimsan(⾦⼭) is Geumsan(⾦⼭), and Geumsan is Geomsan (黔⼭).
When King Gyeongdeok changed the names of the districts in Silla, the ancient Korean language ‘Dal(達)’ was replaced with the Chinese 48 ∙ 국학연구 Vol.57 character ‘San(⼭)’. Therefore, Geumsan(⾦⼭) comes from Geumdal (⾦達). Geum(⾦) borrows the sound of ‘black(黑)’ and Dal(達) borrows the sound of ‘field(野)’. Geumdal is the Chinese character for the black field. And Geumdal is the ‘Geomundeul(거문들)’. After all, Geumsan means fertile fields and collective settlements with streams. This is where the name of the land of Gimsan comes from.
On the other hand, in Korea, the pronunciation of the surname and place name was changed to ‘Gim’ in the late Goryeo Dynasty. Therefore, Geumsan was pronounced Gimsan, and Geumcheon was pronounced Gimcheon before the end of Goryeo.
From this period, Geumsan was referred to as Jimsan and Gimsan, and Geumcheon was referred to as Jimcheon and Gimcheon. Additionally, due to hypercorrection, it became solidified as Gimsan and Gimcheon.