韓國 上古代의 政治理念 = The Political Ideas of the Ancient Korea
저자
鄭然植 (慶北大學校 社會科學大學 政治外交學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1982
작성언어
Korean
KDC
340.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
37-54(18쪽)
제공처
소장기관
1. The object of this paper is to compose the traditional political ideas of the ancient Korea. There are a number of treatises about that time, but few among them touch on the aspect of political ideas. However, this paper would find out the main element of our original political thought which influenced political life of ancient Korean, thereby providing the basis of our subjectivity with an evident superiority over the ancient Chinese culture.
This research mainly made use of the documentary records and scientific methods as much as possible, with the supporting facts from archaeological and mythological studies.
2. Korean nation belongs to the cultural circle of North-East Asia, the culture of Turan Plain in Central Asia, and its early form of faith was sharmanism, developing from animism to totemism.
The thought of heavenly god, following the "Bright-Light" as the symbol of happiness and fear, had been constantly included in the ancient faith, so our ancestor had the advanced form of faith.
As theocracy prevailed at that time, Tan-Kun had the position not only a ruler but also a shaman, In the early years of Tan-Kun-Cho-Seun, the Neolithic Age, they already farmed and raised domestic cattle, and the family system was established. So-called "Kiza 8 prohibition law" was a common law that had been effective among the dwellers. In the Bronze Age, the tribal state of Tan-Kun-Cho-Seun had came out predominant, and formed the leagues of tribes.
About 2nd century B.C. it had developed a political system and established the feudal lords on the border areas. In Puyeu, King or chief of tribes were elected at the tribe conferences, and if King did not rule with virtue, he had to be replaced or killed.
3. In ancient time, Korean people highly regarded Bright-Light=Heaven, as it was the criterion of all value that gave good and happiness which were derived from the sun worship idea. So Bright-Light was continuously revealing in the myth of Koku Ryu, Silla, Kaya and most of old Korean states.
Hong-Ik-In-Kan thought of Tan-Kun is the political ideas that saves the human being from disorder and rupture, and accomplihes welfare of all men. Hong-Ik-In-Kan thought includes ideas such as follows: The first is In-Bon-Ism; this idea means that a ruler must regard human as nobility, the core and basis of the polity. The second is Dae-Dong-Ism; this is the international-peaceful and universal idea that all men, not only internal but exteranl, are the same beings who can receive the benifit widely. The third is a principle of 'harmony', not aggressive but respectful among the clans or tribes. So it established the harmony of all men. The fourth is that the basic objective of governing is for the welfare of the people.
Tan-Kun, son of God, was an educator and ruler who respected the providence. But if In-Bon-Ism applies thoroughly, it will bring about the handing over of the throne.
4. In ancient period, Korean culture was superior to that of Chinese. Ancient Chinese documents recorded that the East was called Dong-Ih where a man of virtue would never perish away. Benevolence, providence and humanity ideas, derived from Chinese Confucianism, also had been influenced by our Dong-Ih culture. Confucius, representative of confucianism was a descendant of Eun-race, whose culture was mainly influenced by Dong-Ih culture.
We have considered the political ideas of the ancient Korea as the key subject, including political cluture, belief and so on, which as mentioned above were inherent, traditional and superior. Now, so long as Tan-Kun-Cho-Seon is historically recognized by documentary, archaeological and mythological research, and is confirmed of its value as political ideas and moral senses, we have to make it the basic source of establishing our subjectivity by more polishing our traditional political culture and ideas.
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