도시철도 시설별 체감 혼잡도와 혼잡지속시간을 고려한 가치 추정 연구 = Estimating the Value of Time Considering Perceived Congestion and Congestion Duration on Urban Rail Transit

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 서울시 1호선을 시작으로 현재까지 추가 연장되는 도시철도의 통행에 대한 중요성 및 통행에서 발생하는 혼잡 현상을 배경으로 시작하였다. 특히 도시철도 시설 내 혼잡에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있는 상황에서 출퇴근 시간에 발생하는 도시철도 시설의 혼잡이 도시철도 이용객의 통행가치에 미치는 영향을 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 수도권 도시철도를 이용하는 이용객들에게 첨두시 시 발생할 수 있는 통상적인 혼잡 상황에 대한 가정을 제시하고 경로 선택에 대한 질문을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 차량 내, 플랫폼, 환승통로에 대하여 혼잡한 상황에 대한 화폐화 가치를 추정하였다. 본 연구를 진행하기 위한 설문조사는 SP설문으로 수도권 출퇴근 통행자 412명을 대상으로 각 시설에 대하여 10개의 문항을 설문 하였다. 설문 결과에 대하여 다항로짓모형을 활용한 분석 결과 차량 내, 플랫폼, 환승통로에 대한 각각의 혼잡도를고려한 시간가치(VOT)는 6,375원, 8,295원, 2,460원의 결과가 나왔으며 혼잡도 변화에 대한 가치(VOC)는 3,375원, 7,380원, 1,560원으로 플랫폼에 대한 가치가 이용자들의 시설에 대한 가치 중 가장 큰 값임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 혼잡 상황에 대한 추정가치를 계산하고, 각각의 시설에 있어 혼잡 상황에 대한 승객의 효용에 미치는 영향을 평가함으로써 도시철도 운영에 대한 효과적인 의사결정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 새로운 평가 지표를 제시하였으며, 이러한 결과는 광역교통의 거대화로 증가하는 철도 수요에 대응하여 광역교통체계를 보다 효율적으로 운영하기 위한 중요한 지표를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study began with the significance of urban rail transit starting with Seoul Line 1 and extending to current additions, focusing on the congestion phenomenon in transit. In particular, given the increasing awareness of crowding in urban rail facilities, the study aims to estimate the impact of congestion during commuting hours on value of travel for urban rail users. For this purpose, a stated preference (SP) survey was conducted among 412 commuters in the metropolitan area, presenting hypothetical scenarios of typical congestion situations and asking about route choices. Through this, the monetary value of congestion in carriages, platforms, and transfer passages was estimated. The survey included 10 questions for each facility. The analysis using the multinomial logit model showed that the Value of Time (VOT) for in-vehicle, platform, and transit passage were KRW 6,375, KRW 8,295, and KRW 2,460, respectively, while the Value of Congestion (VOC) were KRW 3,375, KRW 7,380, and KRW 1,560, indicating that the value for platforms was the highest among the values for facilities. The results of this study suggest a new evaluation index to support effective decision-making for urban rail operations by calculating the estimated value of congestion and evaluating the impact on passengers' utility for each facility. These results are expected to provide important indicators for more efficient operation of the metropolitan transportation system in response to increasing rail demand due to the enlargement of the metropolitan transit network.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Byun J. H., "User Convenience Analysis of Urban Railway using Survey" The Korean Society For Railway 839-844, 2014
• 2 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, "Transit Survey Report, 2017-2022" 2022
• 3 Seoul Open Data Plaza, "Statistics of daily traffic by mode of transportation in Seoul"
• 4 Kim S. J., "Seoul Subway Congestion Costs and Policy Implications" Seoul Institute 1-23, 2016
• 5 Kim G. S., "SP Survey Design and Analysis Methodology Preference Survey for Hypothetical Situations" Korea Research Institute For Human Settlements 110-121, 2006
• 6 Korea Development Institute, "Revised and Supplemented General Guidelines for Conducting Preliminary Feasibility Studies (5th edition)"
• 7 Korea Development Institute, "Review of National Transportation Database and Study on Transportation Sector Issues" Korea Development Institute 2019
• 8 Korea Railroad Facilities Corporation, "Railroad Design Guidelines and Manual"
• 9 Baker J., "Placing a Value on Overcrowding and Other Rail Service Quality Factors" 221-, 2007
• 10 Fruin John J., "Pedestrian Planning and Design, No. 206"
• 11 "Kyeonggi Ilbo"
• 12 Kim S. K., "Improving the Happiness of Commuters on Public Transportation in Seoul" The Seoul Institute 1-18, 2014
• 13 Shin S. I., "Improvement Strategies for Transfer Walking Environment for Urban Rail-Arterial Bus System" Seoul Institute 2015
• 14 이상준 ; 신성일 ; 이성희 ; 윤성진, "Estimation of Usable Waiting Areas Considering Passenger Behavior on Urban Railway Platforms" Korean Society of Transportation 39 (39): 721-736, 2021
• 15 Douglas, "Estimating the Passenger Cost of Train Overcrowding" 2006
• 16 Douglas el al., "Estimating the Passenger Cost of Station Crowding" 2005
• 17 Bjӧrklund G., "Estimating Policy Values Forin-vehicle Comfort and Crowding Reduction in Local Public Transport" 106 : 453-472, 2017
• 18 Korea Development Institute, "Detailed Guidelines for Conducting Pre-Feasibility Studies in the Road and Rail Sector"
• 19 Tirachini A., "Crowding in Public Transport Systems : Effects on Users, Operation and Implications for the Estimation of Demand" 53 : 2013
• 20 Sadeghi S., "Crowding and Perceived Travel Time in Public Transit : Virtual Reality Compared With Stated Choice Surveys" 2677 (2677): 296-307, 2023
• 21 Yap M., "Crowding Valuation in Urban Tram and Bus Transportation Based on Smart Card Data" 16 (16): 23-42, 2020
• 22 McFadden D., "Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior"
• 23 Kang J. K, "Assessment of Transit Assignment Models for Metro using Smart Card Data" Seoul National University 2012
• 24 Whelan G. A., "An Investigation of the Willingness to Pay to Reduce Rail Overcrowding"
• 25 손상훈 ; 최기주 ; 유정훈, "An Estimation of Generalized Cost for Transit Assignment" Korean Society of Transportation 25 (25): 121-132, 2007
• 26 Lu H., "Amending the Incentive for Strategic Bias in Stated Preference Studies : Case Study in Users' Valuation of Rolling Stock" 128-135, 2008
• 27 Korea Transport Institute, "A Study on the Improved Estimation Method of Benefit in the (Pre-)Feasibility Survey for Railway Project" Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs 2008
• 28 최창호, "A Study on Estimating the Value of Travel Time of Freight Transportation for Toll Roads Investment Evaluation" 43 : 7-7, 2004
• 29 Raveau S., "A Behavioural Comparison of Route Choice on Metro Networks:Time, Transfers, Crowding, Topology and Socio-demographics" 66 : 185-195, 2014