기술혁명 시대의 조직과 인사관리 : 행위자 네트워크 이론의 이해와 시사점 = Organization and Human Resource Management in the Era of Technological Revolution: Lessons from Actor-Network Theory

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 기술이 혁명적으로 발전하고 있는 상황에서 이러한 기술 발전이 조직과 인간에 미치는 영향을 설명하는 기존의 이론들은 일정한 한계를 보이고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발하고 있다. 인공지능이 인간의 전유물로 여겨졌던 판단 및 의사결정의 영역에서 적극적으로 활용되면서 단순한 도구에서 벗어나 행위자로서의 역할을 빠르게 확대해 나가고 있는 반면, 기술과 기계를 객체적 수단으로만 바라보는 기존의 이론들에서는 이러한 기계나 기술의 확대된 역할이나 행위자로서의 역할을 이론적으로 설명하거나 포용하기 어렵다. 저자들은 행위자 네트워크 이론이 이러한 한계를 뛰어 넘을 수 있는 중요한 이론적 관점을 제공할 수 있다는 입장을 취한다. 이 이론에서는 기계나 기술 등과 같은 사물에게도 행위자의 자격을 인정하기 때문이다. 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 자율주행차 등 기계의 자율적 행위 역할이 증가하는 현상을 이해하고 시사점을 줄 수 있다는 장점에도 불구하고 인사조직 분야에서는 이 이론에 대한 이해나 활용이 매우 부족한 것이 현실이다. 이 연구는 행위자 네트워크 이론을 소개하는 한편이 이론이 기술혁명 시대에 조직과 사람관리에 주는 시사점을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 먼저 기존 이론들에서 나타나는 기술에 대한 다양한 관점을 검토한 후 본격적으로 행위자 네트워크 이론의 주된 주장을 정리해서 설명하고 있다. 논문의 말미에서는 이러한 이론이 조직과 인사관리에 제공하는 시사점을 과정관점 및 자원개념의 확대, 그리고 협업지성을 통한 인사관리, 번역 매개인으로서의 인사부서 등 4개로 정리해서 제시하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Acknowledging that technological innovation shapes human behaviors as well as social structure, this study presents a theoretical view to further understand how organizations can effectively cope with high-velocity technological changes. In particular, in this study, we pay attention to Actor-Network theory (ANT hereafter), drawn from French Structuralism. ANT presumes that everything in the social world, which is constructed by human beings, and in the natural world, which exists surrounding human beings, is associated with each other, forming networks of relationships. From this standpoint, science and technology is articulated and implemented to explicate the natural phenomena to be shared through the social world. Thus we can understand the ontology of science and technology as the artifacts from the process in which humans and non-humans, as all structurally-equivalent actors, interact with each other in practical or symbolic ways. This suggests that technology, as our reality, exists as a product from an actor-network at a certain time period as well as an artifact yielded from the ongoing technology-human interactions. Based on this understanding, we investigate how organization theory can embrace ANT. Specifically, we first review the relevant theories which deal with the roles of technology in organizational processes and figure out the theoretical position of ANT among various organization theories related to technology. Then, we draw theoretical and practical implications from this theoretical amalgamation. Given that “translation” is understood as the core mechanism of constructing actor-networks among humans and non-humans, we suggest that the department of human resource management, as a translating agent, plays a critical role in effectively forming the actor-networks and thus in preventing organizations from being fallen into an institutional decoupling in their decision-making processes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 기술과 조직이론 Ⅲ. 행위자-네트워크 이론의 이해 Ⅳ. 조직 및 인사관리에 대한 시사점 Ⅴ. 결론 및 향후 과제 참고문헌

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