편견의 원인과 결과 = 공포 관리 이론(terror management theory)을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

공포 관리 이론은 편견, 고정관념, 집단 간 공격에서의 실존적 위협의 역할에 초점을 맞춤으 로써 편견의 형성과 결과에 관한 독특한 관점을 제공한다. 이에 이 논문에서는 편견의 형성과 결과에 관한 공포 관리 이론의 핵심적인 통찰을 개관하고, 공포 관리 이론이 도덕 교과에서의 반편견교육에 주는 시사점이 무엇인지를 분석하고자 하였다. 공포 관리 이론은 특히 죽음 현출 성에 늘 직면해 있는 남북 대치 상황에서 남북한 주민들 간의 편견과 고정관념을 이해하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. 나아가 공포 관리 이론은 상대적 세계관을 포용하는 관용의 중요성, 심리적 안전감을 줄 수 있는 애착 관계의 중요성, 자존감과 자기 확언의 중요성, 죽음에 대한 신중한 성찰의 중요성을 강조하는 반편견 교육이 실행되어야 한다는 사실을 강조한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article was to clarify the implications of terror management theory to anti-bias education in moral education. Terror management theory posits that to maintain psychological security, humans must maintain faith in cultural worldviews. These worldviews provide ways for humans to believe they are significant enduring beings in a world of meaning rather than mere animals fated only to obliteration upon death. For this aim, I reviewed basic evidences for terror management theory and research exploring the implications of terror management theory for understanding causes and results of prejudice. Terror manage theory is very useful to understand the vary cause of prejudice between the two Korean people. Terror management research suggests that if we bring up our students to sustain faith in worldviews that place high value on tolerance and appreciation for others’ uniqueness, enhancing self-esteem and self-affirmation, giving them chances to contemplate the death carefully, and ensuring opportunities for reliable bases of love, trust, and self-worth are primarily important aspects of anti-bias education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 추병완, "다문화사회에서의 반편견 교수 전략" 도서출판 하우 2012
• 2 Burke, B. L., "Two decades of terror management theory : A meta-analysis of mortality salience research" 14 (14): 155-195, 2010
• 3 Allport, G. W., "The nature of prejudice" Addison-Wesley 1954
• 4 Arndt, J., "The effects of a self-esteem boost and mortality salience on responses to boost relevant and irrelevant worldview threats" 25 : 1331-1341, 1999
• 5 Mikulincer, M., "The effect of mortality salience on self-serving attributions : Evidence for the function of self-esteem as a terror management mechanism" 24 : 261-271, 2002
• 6 Bradley, K. I., "The effect of mortality salience on implicit bias" 36 : 819-831, 2012
• 7 Becker, E., "The denial of death" The Free Press 1973
• 8 Solomon, S., "The cultural animal: Twenty years of terror management theory and research, In Handbook of experimental existential psychology" Guilford 13-34, 2004
• 9 Harmon-Jones, E., "Terror management theory and self-esteem : Evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects" 72 (72): 24-36, 1997
• 10 Greenberg, J., "Terror management theory : Implications for understanding prejudice, stereotyping, intergroup conflicts, and political attitudes" 2 (2): 1881-1894, 2008
• 11 Bassett, J. F., "Terror management and reactions to undocumented immigrants : Mortality salience increases aversion to culturally dissimilar others" 151 (151): 117-120, 2011
• 12 Greenberg, J., "Sympathy for the devil: Evidence that reminding whites of their morality promotes more favorable reactions to white racists" 25 : 113-133, 2001
• 13 Crocker, J., "Social stigma and self-esteem : The self-protective properties of stigma" 96 : 608-630, 1989
• 14 Schimel, J., "Self-esteem: A human solution to the problem of death" 2 (2): 1218-1234, 2008
• 15 Deci, E. L., "Self-determination theory : A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health" 49 (49): 182-185, 2008
• 16 Wichmann, S. S., "Self-determination Theory: The importance of autonomy to well-being across cultures" 50 : 16-26, 2011
• 17 Bassett, J. F., "Psychological defenses against death anxiety : Integrating terror management theory and Firestone's separation theory" 31 : 727-750, 2007
• 18 Landou, M. J., "On the compatibility of terror management theory and perspectives on human evolution" 5 (5): 476-519, 2007
• 19 Arndt, J., "MS and the spreading activation of worldview-relevant constructs : Exploring the cognitive architecture of terror management" 8 : 379-385, 2002
• 20 Greenberg, J., "J. Shah, In Handbook of motivation science" Guilford 114-154, 2008
• 21 Greenberg, J., "How our dreams of death transcendence breed prejudice, stereotyping, and conflict: Terror management theory, In Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination" Psychology Press 309-332, 2010
• 22 Becker, E., "Escape from evil" The Free Press 1975
• 23 Wisman, A., "Digging is terror management theory: To use or lose the symbolic self" 17 (17): 319-327, 2006
• 24 Levy, S. R., "Development of racial and ethnic prejudice among children, In Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination" Psychology Press 23-42, 2010
• 25 Greenberg, J., "Ageism: Denying the face of the future, In Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons" The MIT Press 27-48, 2004
• 26 Nelson, T. D., "Ageism, In Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination" Psychology Press 431-440, 2010
• 27 Solomon, S., "A terror management theory of social behavior: On the psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews, In Advances in experimental social psychology" Academic Press 93-159, 1991
• 28 Kesebir, P., "A moral-existential account of the psychological factors fostering intergroup conflict" 5 (5): 878-890, 2011