韓ㆍ日 近代漁業關係硏究 : 1876年~1910年 = Studies on the Modern Diplomatic Relations between Korea and Japan in the Field of Fishery

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Present studies deal with the diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan in the field of fishery, from the opening of Yi Chosun(1876) to her annexation to Japan(1910).
Although the establishment of fisheries diplomatic relations between two countries can be traced back to the region of Sejong in the early years of Yi Dynasty, in modern ages it begins with the conclusion of the Trade Treaty (Regulation under which Japanese Trade is to be Conducted in Corea) between two countries on August 25, 1883. Among the 42 articles of the treaty the provision of the article 41 stipulated that it shall be legal for Japanese nationals to fish along the coasts of following provinces; Cheonla-do, Kyongsang-do, Kangwon-do and Hamkyong-do. The provision also stipulated that it shall be legal for Korean nationals because, in those days, neither Korean fishermen desired to go out fishing in such low productive Japanese waters, nor suitable fishing boats for offshore fishing were available. Therefore it was one of the
most unequal provisions. In fact, the article 41 was forced by the Japanese government to put between other articles of the treaty in order to legalize for the Japanese fishermen to penetrate into more productive Korean waters.
The number of Japanese fishing boats sailing for the coast of Korea was rapidly
increased since the treaty became effective. According to the stipulation of the article 41, the Fishery Agreement(Regulation between Corea and Japan, respecting Fisheries) was signed between Min Jong-Mok on behalf of the Korean court and the Japanese charge d'affaires to Korea, Kondo Shinsuke, at Seoul, Korea on October 12, 1899. This was the first of the modern fishery agreement Korea concluded. Under this treaty, the Korean government levied fishing taxes on the Japanese fishing boats operating in the Korean waters. It is worthwhile to mention that the three-mile-limit rule for territorial waters was adopted in this agreement.
After the Sino-Japanese War, the increased Japanese influence on this peninsula
accelerated the development of Japanese fisheries around the Korean coast. And the number of fishing boats operating in the Korean waters was doubled after the war. Thus the Japanese government started diplomatic negotiations with the Korean court to secure fishing rights in the other areas of the Korean waters.
In 1900, the Korean government granted Japan fishing rights on her persistent demand along the coast of Kyongki-do, in addition to the aforementioned coasts of four provinces.
Again at the outset of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, Japan forced the Korean
government into conceding fishing rights for the Japanese nationals along the remaining coasts of three provinces, namely Choongcheong-do, Whanghae-do and Pyongan-do.
From April 1, 1909, the Japanese nationals were authorized to fish in the Korean waters without paying fishing taxes to the Korean government in compliance with the new Fishery Agreement between Korea and Japan(Agreement between the Corean Government and the Residency-General of Japan regarding the Fishing Industry of the Subject of Corea and Japan) signed on October 31, 1908.
At that time, the number of Japanese fishing boats in the Korean waters increased to more than several thousands. Consequently the initiative in the fisheries of the Korean waters was already in the hands of Japanese before 1910.
With regard to the nature of Japanese fishery in the Korean waters, it had both
aspects of fishing and to some extent piratic. Notwithstanding Japan concluded the treaties regarding fishery with Korea on unequal bases for the benefit of Japanese fishermen, a good number of the fishermen violated the regulations of the treaties such as poaching and smuggling. Furthermore many incidents of piracy, murdering and robbery, especially in the case of Quelpart Island, were reported.
As a result of over fishing by the several thousands of Japanese fishing boats,
fisheries resources of low natural increment were greatly decreased before 1910.
The following items are discussed in this thesis:
1. Perface
2. Conclusion of Regulation under which Japanese Trade is to be Conducted in Corea which legalized for Japanese nationals to fish along the coasts of Cheonla-do, Kyongsang-do, Kangwon-do and Hamkyong-do provinces of Korea.
3. Conclusion of irrational Penal Regulation for Criminal Japanese Fishermen in Korean Waters.
4. Concession of fishing rights for Japanese nationals along the coast of Incheon and district.
5. Conclusion of Regulation between Corea and Japan, respecting Fisheries as the first of the fishery agreement Korea concluded.
6. Cocession of the whale fishing rights for Japanese whaling companiy in Korean waters.
7. Provisional exception of the coast around Quelpart Island from fishing areas of Japanese fishermen, and the outrageous behaviors of the Japanese fishermen in the island.
8. Additional concession of fishing right for Japanese nationals along the coasts of remaining three provinces of Choogcheon-do, Whanghae-do and Pyongan-do.
9. Conclusion of Agreement between Corean Government and the Residency-General of Japan regarding the Fishing Industry of the Subjects of Corea and Japan, and
establishment of the Korean Fisheries Law.
10. Japanese fishermen's infringement of the regulations of the treaties respecting fisheries, and their criminal offenses.
11. Conclusion.