소피스트의 활동에 대한 재고 -기원전 5세기 아테네를 중심으로- = Reconsidering Sophist’s Activities in BC 5 Century Athens

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There used to be negative evaluations of the Sophists who visited Athens in the 5th century B.C. and brought about an innovation in Athenian education. Especially, Plato, Aristotle, and Isocrates take a critical stance against the Sophists’ educational activities. The critical point is that the Sophists taught for money the rhetoric that was an efficient skill for persuading the public in the democratic system, even though they utilized fallacies and sophism. While it has been widely accepted, there are many references and circumstantial evidences that call us to reconsider the Sophists’ activities. First, their stage of activity was not limited to Athens, and their main activities were not only of education and philosophy, which need to be reconsidered from the political point of view. Second, it is not appropriate to denigrate sophists’ rhetoric and their teaching as a skill for persuading the public. We may find critical proofs showing that their rhetoric was more than a skill for persuading the public. It helped promoting critical thinking and philosophical reflection in people suitable for the Greek democracy.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 플라톤, "프로타고라스"
• 2 투퀴디데스, "펠로폰네소스 전쟁사"
• 3 키케로, "투스쿨룸"
• 4 아울루스 겔리우스, "아티카의 밤"
• 5 이소크라테스, "시민대축전에 부쳐 (Panegyricus)"
• 6 아리스토텔레스, "소피스트적 논박"
• 7 필로스트라토스, "소피스트들의 생애"
• 8 Kerferd, B. B., "소피스트 운동" 아카넷 2003
• 9 플라톤, "소피스트"
• 10 김대오, "서양고대철학 1, 철학의 탄생으로부터 플라톤까지" 도서출판 길 2013
• 11 전헌상, "서양고대철학 1, 철학의 탄생으로부터 플라톤까지" 도서출판 길 2013
• 12 섹스투스 엠피리쿠스, "교사들에 대한 반박"
• 13 플라톤, "고르기아스"
• 14 Martin, T. R., "고대 그리스의 역사" 가람기획 2003
• 15 Ricken, F., "고대 그리스 철학" 서광사 2000
• 16 Robinson, E. W, "The Sophists and Democracy Beyond Athens" 25 (25): 109-122, 2007
• 17 Cole, T., "The Origin of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece" Baltimore 1991
• 18 Romilly, J. de., "Magic and Rhetoric in Ancient Greece" Harvard University Press 1975
• 19 Barthes, L, "L’Ancienne Rhétorique" 16 : 175-176, 1970
• 20 Romilly, J. de., "Les grands sophistes dans l’Athénes de Périclès" Editions de Fallois 1988
• 21 Jaeger, W., "Höhe und Kkrisis des attischen Geites" Gallimard 1934
• 22 Romilly, J. de., "Histoire et raison chez Thucydide" Les Belles Lettres 1956
• 23 Marrou, H. -I., "Histoire de l’éducation dans l’Antiquité, I. Le monde grec" Le monde grec 1948
• 24 Poulakos, J, "Hegel’s Reception of the Sophists" 54 : 160-171, 1990
• 25 Enos, R. L., "Greek Rhetoric before Aristotle" Parlor Press 2012
• 26 Gagarin, M, "Did the Sophists Aim to Persuade?" 19 (19): 275-291, 2001
• 27 Schiappa, E, "Did Plato Coin Rhētorikē?" 111 : 457-470, 1990
• 28 Natali, C, "Adoleskhia, Leptologia and the Philosophers in Athens" 32 (32): 232-241, 1987
• 29 Pernot, L, "Actualité de la rhétorique" lincksieck 27-48, 2002
• 30 Guthrie, W. K. C., "A History of Greek Philosophy. Vol. III." 1969