간호학과 졸업예정자의 취업 실패 경험: Colaizzi의 현상학적 질적연구 방법을 적용하여 = Employment Failure Experiences of Senior Nursing Students: A Phenomenological Study Using Colaizzi’s Method

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본􏌩연구는􏌩간호학과􏌩4학년􏌩졸업예정자가􏌩취업􏌩과정에서􏌩경험하는􏌩취업􏌩실패의􏌩본질과􏌩의미를􏌩심층적으로􏌩 탐색하고, 이러한􏌩경험이􏌩개인의􏌩정서와􏌩자아􏌩인식에􏌩미치는􏌩영향을􏌩이해하고자􏌩수행되었다. 최근􏌩간호􏌩인력􏌩수요의􏌩 증가에도􏌩불구하고􏌩간호학과􏌩졸업예정자들은􏌩반복적인􏌩탈락과􏌩채용􏌩결과의􏌩불확실성􏌩속에서􏌩상당한􏌩심리적􏌩부담을􏌩 경험하고􏌩있으며, 이러한􏌩취업􏌩실패􏌩경험은􏌩졸업을􏌩앞둔􏌩시점에서􏌩자기정체성과􏌩진로􏌩인식에􏌩중요한􏌩영향을􏌩미칠􏌩수􏌩 있다. 그럼에도􏌩불구하고􏌩기존􏌩연구들은􏌩취업􏌩스트레스나􏌩준비􏌩과정에􏌩초점을􏌩둔􏌩경우가􏌩많아, 취업􏌩실패􏌩경험􏌩그􏌩 자체에􏌩대한􏌩심층적􏌩이해는􏌩제한적인􏌩실정이다. 따라서􏌩본􏌩연구는􏌩취업􏌩준비􏌩과정이나􏌩취업􏌩스트레스가􏌩아닌􏌩‘취업􏌩 실패􏌩경험􏌩자체의􏌩의미’에􏌩초점을􏌩두어􏌩간호학과􏌩졸업예정자가􏌩경험하는􏌩실패의􏌩주관적􏌩의미와􏌩정서적􏌩변화를􏌩 심층적으로􏌩탐색하고자􏌩하였다. 이에􏌩본􏌩연구는􏌩Colaizzi의􏌩현상학적􏌩질적연구􏌩방법을􏌩적용하여􏌩취업􏌩실패를􏌩경험한􏌩 간호학과􏌩4학년􏌩졸업예정자의􏌩주관적􏌩경험을􏌩탐색하였다. 연구􏌩참여자는􏌩취업􏌩과정에서􏌩2회􏌩이상􏌩탈락􏌩경험이􏌩있는􏌩 간호학과􏌩4학년􏌩졸업예정자􏌩12명으로􏌩목적표집하였으며, 자료􏌩수집은􏌩1:1 심층면담을􏌩통해􏌩이루어졌다. 수집된􏌩 자료는􏌩전사􏌩후􏌩Colaizzi의􏌩7단계􏌩분석􏌩절차에􏌩따라􏌩분석하였다. 연구􏌩결과, 간호학과􏌩졸업예정자의􏌩취업􏌩실패􏌩경험은􏌩 네􏌩가지􏌩범주와􏌩열두􏌩개의􏌩주제로􏌩도출되었다. 도출된􏌩범주는􏌩‘반복되는􏌩탈락􏌩속에서􏌩흔들리는􏌩자기인식’, ‘비교􏌩 속에서􏌩심화되는􏌩위축과􏌩고립감’, ‘불안정한􏌩미래와􏌩진로에􏌩대한􏌩혼란’, 그리고􏌩‘실패를􏌩통해􏌩다시􏌩시도해􏌩보는􏌩자신을􏌩 발견함’으로􏌩나타났다. 이러한􏌩결과는􏌩졸업예정자가􏌩경험하는􏌩취업􏌩실패가􏌩단순한􏌩부정적􏌩사건이􏌩아니라􏌩정서적􏌩 부담과􏌩자기정체성의􏌩혼란을􏌩동반하면서도, 재도전과􏌩의미􏌩재구성으로􏌩이어질􏌩수􏌩있는􏌩과정적􏌩경험임을􏌩보여준다.
본􏌩연구는􏌩간호대학생의􏌩취업􏌩관련􏌩연구가􏌩주로􏌩취업􏌩스트레스나􏌩취업􏌩준비􏌩전략에􏌩초점을􏌩두어􏌩온􏌩기존􏌩연구와􏌩달리, 취업􏌩실패􏌩경험의􏌩주관적􏌩의미와􏌩정서적􏌩변화를􏌩현상학적􏌩관점에서􏌩심층적으로􏌩규명하였다는􏌩점에서􏌩학문적􏌩의의를􏌩 지닌다. 또한􏌩본􏌩연구􏌩결과는􏌩간호교육􏌩현장에서􏌩취업􏌩성공􏌩중심의􏌩지원을􏌩넘어􏌩취업􏌩실패􏌩경험을􏌩성찰하고􏌩재도전을􏌩 준비할􏌩수􏌩있도록􏌩돕는􏌩상담, 멘토링, 정서􏌩지원􏌩프로그램􏌩등􏌩포괄적􏌩취업􏌩지원􏌩체계􏌩마련을􏌩위한􏌩기초􏌩자료를􏌩 제공한다는􏌩점에서􏌩실천적􏌩의의를􏌩가진다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to explore the essence and meaning of employment failure experiences among senior nursing students during the job search process and to understand how these experiences influence their emotional responses and self-perception. Despite the increasing demand for nursing personnel, graduating nursing students experience considerable psychological burden due to repeated rejections and uncertainty regarding employment outcomes. Such experiences may significantly influence students’ self-identity and perceptions of their future careers as they approach graduation.
Previous research has largely focused on employment stress or job preparation processes, leaving an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of employment failure relatively unexplored. This study employed Colaizzi’s phenomenological method, a qualitative research approach, to explore the subjective experiences of participants. Twelve senior nursing students who had experienced two or more employment rejections were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews and analyzed following Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological analysis procedure. To ensure the rigor and trustworthiness of the qualitative analysis, the study adhered to established criteria for qualitative research, including credibility, dependability, and confirmability.
Data analysis involved repeated reading of transcripts, extraction of significant statements, formulation of meanings, and validation of findings through participant verification. The analysis identified four categories and twelve themes: shaken self-perception amid repeated rejections, deepened withdrawal and isolation through social comparison, confusion about an uncertain future and career path, and rediscovering oneself through renewed attempts after failure. These findings indicate that employment failure among graduating nursing students is not merely a negative outcome but rather a process involving emotional distress, challenges to self-identity, and meaning reconstruction through reflection and renewed efforts. This study contributes to the qualitative understanding of employment failure experiences among senior nursing students by applying a phenomenological approach and ensuring methodological rigor. The findings also suggest the need for comprehensive support systems in nursing education, including counseling and mentoring programs that enable students to reflect on and cope with employment failure experiences beyond conventional employment success-oriented support.