言論의 社會的 責任理論에 대한 再論 : 言論의 四理論과 關聯하여 = A Critical Review of the Social Responsibility Theory as a Press System
저자
李康洙 (文理科大學)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1975
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
61-94(34쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This paper is to discuss the validity of the theory proposed by the authors of "Four Theories of the Press" that the press systems of the world nations can be divided into four different categories, namely the authoritarian, Libertarian, the social responsibility and the Soviet theories. Especially, it raises question as to whether the social responsibility theory can be treated as an independent press system as opposed to the authoritarian and libertarian theories.
The author of the paper agress with the noted professors who co-authored the famous work on their thesis that the press always takes on the form and coloration of the social and political structures within which it operates, and, that especially, it reflects the system of social control whereby the relations of individuals and institution are adjusted. According to them, the four theories are the different concepts which represents different social structures. To make a theory building, especially in any classification schemata, each category-terms or conceptual schemata must be independent and exclusive to each others in the same dimension. therefore, the social responsibility theory must be compared with another three press theories along with the demension of socio-political philosophy. As the author believes, however, the social responsibility theory is a mere extension of the libertarian theory and cannot be considered as the one that is comparable to the litertarian concept as an independent theory.
According to the co-anthers of Four Theories of the Press, the social responsibility theory was grounded in a certain doubts about the philosophy of the libertarian thought. They said that the social responsibility theory was appeared as an antithesis against the libertarian philosophy. It we are to follow them them, the social responsibility theory can be identified with the new liberalism. In fact, the early liberalism was revised by the Oxford idealist, of whom Thomas Hill Green was the most important representative, at least in political philosophy. This is revision of liberal theory that was called liberalism modernized or new libertarianism. But we should remind that the latter form of liberalism in important respects was continuous with its early form. The difference between the liberalism of Bentham and that of Green, important as they were, told loot amount to a solution of continuity. The latter liberals corrected, enlarged, and made explicit, but they did not reverse the meaning of liberalism. As far as the latter liberalism can be understood in this sense, the social responsibility theory did not reverse the political philosophy of the early libertarian theory of the press.
While the libertarian theory is one of the historic concepts that reject specific social structures and political ideologies, the social responsibility theory represents no specific social structure nor political ideology. The social responsibility theory is not basically an ideological concept.
Responsibility is a moral and ethical concept. So, the author's opinion is that the professors had committed a basic error of confusing an ethical concept with political and social ideologies and placing it among different press theories. From the viewpoint of responsibility, the author believes that it should rather be discussed in terms of the responsibility of economic institutions including business enterprises in a capitalistic society.
As the responsibility concept came up as a modification to the "laissez-faire" libertarian economic theory to stave off various contradictions involved in the capitalistic economy, the social responsibility was also brought up as a modification to the libertarian press system. Basically, the author thinks, it is the problem of responsibility for the business enterprises of mass communication media including newspapers. In terms of responsibility, it is an identical concept for both the press and the economics.
The author believes, if it is necessary to divide the press systems into different patterns, it is rather logical to divide them into broader categories to include other different press. systems in accordance with an ideological criteria. So, the author proposes to divide them into six different patterns, namely, the authoritarian, 19-century libertarian, modern libertarian, Fascisti, socialist and communist theories. The author believes the new division can be applicable more universally than the four theories as the professors put up.
In conclusion, it is the author's belief that the social responsibility theory cannot be considered as an independent press system to be ranked among the different press systems of the world.
If the thesis put up by the professors of the four theories is to be accepted, it inevitably raises the question as to whether the social responsibility theory can be applied to the Soviet press system. As a matter of logics, the responsibility problem must be applicable equally to any press system. To overcome this obvious logical contradiction, the problem of responsibility must be brought within the framework of the libertarian system, the author believes. So, the author thinks that the responsibility should be conceived as a moral concept, not as a "system".
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