중·고등학교 축구 선수들의 스트레스요인에 관한 연구 = A Study on Stressors of Football Players in Middle and High Schools

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was designed to make coaches of football teams in middle and high schools understand stressors of their athletes, build scientific and systematic training program, minimize negative damages of psychological factors and improve their competition.
It examined stressors experienced by football players in middle and high schools, sought solutions, provide environment for voluntary participation in sports activities for improving quality of life as well as their competition and aimed to enhance development of their identity through self-realization.
For the purpose of achieving these goals of research, it analyzed the following; first, difference in stress by school, second, difference in stress by grade, third, difference in stress by career, fourth, difference in stress by result or award, fifth, difference in stress by family income and sixth, difference in stress by position.
This study selected 200 football players in 10 middle schools and 300 players in 4 high schools in Gwangju and Jeonnam regions as the subjects of research.
It conducted questionnaire with these subjects using self-administered method and collected it there immediately.
As a result of reliability analysis, it was found that game factor was .655, competition, .608, non-sports obstacles, .676, decision-making, .570, others’ expectation, .632, team cohesion, .679, training, .708, competition anxiety, .704 and family factors, .660. Data were processed with SPSS 11.0, frequency analysis was conducted for examining demographic characteristics, t-test was conducted to analyze difference in stress among athletes, one-way ANOVA was performed to verify differential of average values by grade, career, award, family income and position and significance level was set to a < .05. This study obtained the following conclusions through these research procedures.
First, it was found that decision-making, team cohesion and family factors had a significant influence on stress by school. Middle school football players had more stress by decision-making and team cohesion than high school football players. High school football players had more stress by family factors than middle school football players.
Second, all factors except training showed high responses in analysis of stress difference by grade and there were statistically significant influences in such factors as competition, exercise, non-sports obstacles and training. Middle school football players showed no significant difference in stress by grade, but showed higher difference in training factors by higher grade and it was because they were stressed by the problem of entering high school. High school football players were also influenced by stress in higher grades compared to lower grades.
Third, there was statistically significant difference in training factor of stressors by career and players having career between over 3 years and below 5 years showed higher stress. Such factors as competition, non-sports obstacles and competition anxiety were highest in career between over 3 years and below 5 years and middle and high school students having higher career needed praise and encouragement including expectation.
Fourth, there was statistically significant difference in non-sports obstacles of stressors by award and players who achieved semi-final results showed higher stress and it was found that middle and high school football players who had better skills and achieved good team results had higher stress.
Fifth, players having family income below 2,000,000 won showed higher stress in all factors except decision-making. It meant that family income had np direct influence on competition, but players in fmily with higher income had even less stress than those with lower income.
Sixth, FW and MF players showed higher stress in difference of stressors by position and GK showed lower stress. It meant that FW and MF players had more burden and stress in competition and game than GK players having less burden and stress in loss and competition.