빅토리아 시대 잡지와 여성작가의 익명적 글쓰기: 『호윗즈 저널』와 엘리자베스 개스켈의 『메리 바튼』 = Victorian Magazine and Woman Writer`s Anonymous Writing: Howitt`s Journal and Elizabeth Gaskell`s Mary Barton

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Editors of Victorian periodicals developed intertextual strategies which provided opportunities for women writers to expand their literary careers. The new writing and reading practices were brought about by intertextual strategies of editors of periodicals and women writers, as they shared readers, subject matters and narrative conventions. In particular, social problem novel and reformist periodical often integrated the same political and domestic subject matter. This paper examines intertextuality between Victorian magazine and woman writer`s literary work focusing on Howitt`s Journal and Elizabeth Gaskell`s Mary Barton. The social problems of the 1840s in England demanded a kind of philanthropic forms of literary activism for the middle class woman writer. Gaskell wrote under the name of Cotton Mather Mills for Howitt`s Journal which contained every kind of radicalism while she was composing her first novel, Mary Barton. Located within the context of anonymous journalism, Gaskell`s activity as the contributor to Howitt`s Journal played an important role in developing her authorial identities as well as exerting influences on the formation of social opinions including Condition-of-England question. Her experiences as the anonymous contributor to the journal led her to adopt narrative devices and subject matter of periodical journalism in order to expand readers and subject matters of her novel. Mary Barton can be viewed as an extension of her work in the reformist journal, especially in terms of its ideological position on working class issues, its attempt to harmonize class and gender politics, and philanthropic interventionism. Gaskell examines relationships of middle class reformers, laborers, and industrialists, with emphasis on middle class home as the proper location of social activism. She uses narrative conventions and ideological concerns that can be found in the literature of urban investigation within the reformist journal of Victorian Age. The political concerns and narrative strategies found in women writers` anonymous writing in Victorian magazine were interacting with those of their literary works. The process of interaction shows how the distinction between fiction and non fiction can be blurred and how women writers handle various personal and professional dilemmas in their literary careers. By bringing women writers into the public and professional realms Victorian magazines brought women`s growing centrality to the progress of Victorian journalism and literature.