다양한 사회적 경계와 흑인의 인종적 정체성: 피터 잭슨(Peter Jackson)의 복합적 정체성을 중심으로 = Diverse Social Boundaries and Black Identity: The Complex Identity of Peter Jackson

국문 초록 (Abstract)

백인 중간계급의 가치를 수용하고 인종예의에 순응했던 복서 피터 잭슨은 오랫동안 길들여진 흑인 남성의 전형을 보여주는 주체적 행위력을 결여한 흑인으로 평가되어 왔다. 그러나 잭슨은 여러 사회적 경계를 활용하여 인종 경계를 약화시키려고 시도했던 능동적인 주체였다는 점에서 이러한 평가는 불합리하였다. 교차성연구의 이론을 통해 본 그의 선수 경력은 잭슨이 계급경계, 국민경계, 젠더경계 등을 활용하여 개인의 (경제적, 사회적) 이익 달성에 방해가 되는 인종경계를 약화시키려 한 주체였다는 점을 확인시켜 준다. 또한 인종경계를 약화시키는 노력은 정체성의 복합화와 탈인종적 정체성의 강화를 수반한다는 점에서 인종본질주의적 해석의 문제점 역시 보여주는 것이었다.
또한 잭슨의 경력에 대한 고찰은 정체성의 다변화가 촉진시키는 순응 속에 자주 저항이 내재하여 있었다는 점에서 그리고 저항적 행위가 또 다른 순응을 야기했다는 점에서 개인의 행위가 저항과 순응의 이분법 속에서는 이해될 수 없다는 점을 보여준다. 구조적 제약이 상존하는 가운데 완전한 저항이 있을 수 없듯이 동시에 구조적 제약이 상존하는 한 완벽한 순응이란 있을 수 없었기 때문이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The boxer Peter Jackson(1861-1901) embraced the values of the white middle classes and complied with racial etiquette, and was conventionally regarded as a compliant black man who lacked agency and embodied the well-tamed archetype of black masculinity. However, interacting diverse social boundaries and weakening racial boundaries and hierarchies, Jackson was an active cultural agent. An analysis of his athletic career through the lens of intersectionality studies theory, confirms that Jackson actively sought to mitigate racial boundaries for individual advancement by intersecting class, national, and gender boundaries with racial ones. His efforts to weaken racial boundaries were also indicative of the shortcomings of racial essentialist interpretations, as they involved the diversification of identities and the strengthening of post-racial identities.
Further, reflections on Jackson's career also reveal that compliance fostered by identity diversification, provided new opportunities for resistance that also accompanied compliance. Accordingly, in Jackson’s career, compliance and resistance cannot be understood as a dichotomy. As complete resistance cannot exist in the presence of structural constraints, neither can perfect compliance exist as long as structural constraints still persist.

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