기술진보가 기업 간 생산성격차 확대에 미치는 영향에 관한 국제 비교연구: 한국, 일본, 독일의 대-중소기업 비교를 중심으로 = An International Comparative Study on the Impact of Technological Progress on the 'Productivity Divergence' between firms: Focusing on the Comparison between Large and Small-Medium Sized Firms for Korea, Japan and Germany

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We conducted an international comparative analysis of Korea, Japan, and Germany using Orbis data to test three hypotheses related to the impact of technological progress on productivity divergence between firms. The main research results are as follows. (1) Technological progress widens productivity divergence between large and small and medium-sized firms in all of Korea, Japan, and Germany, and there is little difference in the impact of technological progress on productivity divergence among the three countries. In addition, the control variables such as capital stock per capita, return to scale, and industry-specific characteristics also affect the widening productivity divergence between firms in all three countries. (2) The economic shocks caused by the 2008 global financial crisis did not affect the productivity divergence between large and small and medium-sized firms in the three countries. (3) In Korea, the productivity divergence between firms widens in proportion to firm size, but in the case of Japan and Germany, this proportional relationship does not exist. In other words, the proportional relationship between firm size and the production divergence is evaluated as an intrinsic feature of the Korean industry. (4) Over the 10 years from 2010 to 2019, technological progress related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution generally led to an increase in productivity across all firm sizes (quantiles) in Korea, Japan, and Germany, leading to an increase in firm size. (5) Productivity growth is evaluated to be accelerating as technological progress becomes more advanced with the progress of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Korea is judged to be ahead of Japan in productivity increase due to technological progress of the 4th Industrial Revolution. (6) There was an effect of big changes in firm sizes followed by severe competition followed from productivity divergence among firms in all sizes of firms in Germany in the period 2010-2015, and in the Korean large firm group, and in the German medium firm group in the period 2016-2019.
Applying the above empirical results to the Korean situation, we suggest both ‘support policy’ for small and medium-sized firms, especially medium-sized firms and ‘technology policy combined with competition policy' that minimizes the adverse effects of industrial restructuring following a large productivity divergence.

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