조선후기 開城의 지방군 운영의 변화과정 = A Process of Change in Local Army Operation of Gaeseong in Late Chosun: Focused on the Issue of Training and Payment with Rice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The local military service system in Gaeseong can be distinguished before and after the establishment of the Gwanliyeong in the 37th year of King Sukjong's reign(1711). Before the establishment of the Gwanliyeong, the local military service in Gaeseong was mainly composed of Sogogun which was a dual service additional to the essential service. Gaeseong was a region of many merchants, thus the military service system of Sogogun duty could be substituted by a 'payment with rice(su-mi)' as an alternative service. The collected rice was to feed a military reserve stationed in the capital city. However the responsible military management in charge of the above was changed from Hunryeondogam to Chongyungcheong, and the rice quota was reduced gradually from the original volume of 20 units. It was partially due to a change of the training system of Sogogun in other regions. Up to the reign of King Hyojong the military training was reinforced, however, from the reign of King Hyunjong it began to decrease. Thus the alternative payment with rice instead of training began to burden the Sogogun in Gaeseong. In this process a military function of the Sogogun of Gaeseong disappeared leaving only a financial function. The dual service with the essential duty and additional service financially burdened the public and it became a controversial issue. Ultimately the payment with rice applied to the Sogogun in Gaeseong was abolished in the 29th year of King Sukjong's reign(1703).
After the establishment of the Gwanliyeong, soldiers in Gaeseong existing under a various titles as a central army or a government agency now belonged to the Gaeseong district army. As a result, Abyeong was created and its main task was, unlike Sogogun, a essential service. However Abyeong was maintained fully by a financial function with no military function. Training was rarely conducted, and regular service and training were exempted through a submission of Bangbeonjeon. The military service in Gaeseong once considered as a difficult service became a relatively easy and popular service around the introduction of a Gyunyeokbeob and attracted many applicants competitively from the nearby regions.
Gaeseong's policy of 'payment with rice' instead of training was limitedly applied only within Gaeseong and it reflects a special regional circumstance. Later an expansion of the payment with rice was discussed to be applied to Gyeonggi, however, it was difficult to actualize due to the nature of Sogogun as a dual service. Ultimately the payment with rice was abolished in Gaeseong as well. Thus the current opinion that considers Sogogun eventually transformed into the payment with rice is not accurate. It is only one aspect of Sogogun which was operated flexibly depending on the region and time. On the other hand the operation of the local army of Gaeseong shed light on the specific features of Gaeseong as well as the general social trend of late Chosun. Training of the local army continued to decrease and eventually became invalid. The examination of the local army of Gaeseong in this study also confirmed the functionary changes from the military one into a financial one.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 開城의 束伍軍 운영의 변화과정
• Ⅲ. 管理營 이후 開城의 牙兵 운영
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉