‘표준어’와 ‘문학어’의 경계 : 용어 литературный язык에 대한 소고

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Languages across the world have a diverse range of terms corresponding with Korean '표준어(standard language)'. A typical term representing this concept in Russia is литературный язык(ЛЯ). This study, which traced the background of how ЛЯ firmly established itself in the Russian language and compared it with our 'standard language', sought to identify the unique nature of ЛЯ.
First of all, if we look at how ЛЯ and 'standard language' emerged, we can find that two terms have different linguistic orientations from the beginning. Concept of Korean term contains orientation towards the linguistic demand of the period (early 20th Century) - in pursuit of normalization and standardization of the language. On the contrary, what played an important role in making ЛЯ accepted as a universal term in Russia was demand for literariness of language and recognition of close correlation between language and literature. ЛЯ, which emerged for the first time in the mid-19th Century, meant 'literary language(language of literature)' from the very beginning and is still maintaining a strong association with 'literary language'.
Another difference between ЛЯ and 'standard language' is that while the former is a diachronic concept, the latter is a synchronic one. Korean 'standard language' has not been experiencing a great conceptual change from its initial emergence to date, but ЛЯ was not so. 'Standard language', a concept based on the unity of language, has been deemed from the beginning as a concept opposed to dialects and still people think 'Standard language is equal to language of Seoulites'. On the other hand, ЛЯ is a concept that has been changing across the history. ЛЯ meant 'literary language' in the mid-19th Century when it first emerged and relatively many people still understand 'ЛЯ is equal to literary language'. Compared with old Russian language backdated, ЛЯ is never a term corresponding with Korean 'standard language'. In this period when written language and spoken language were completely divided and Church Slavonic established its strong position as written language, ЛЯ was no more than Church Slavonic as well as written language.

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