우리나라 물류산업의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 주요물류산업부문별 구조분석을 중심으로 = Current Status and Prospects of Physical Distribution Industry in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Successful implementation of five consecutive 5-Year Economic Development Plans improved the manufacturing sector of Korean economy up to the level of industrialized countries and modernized manufacturing facilities made it possible to make mass production of goods with economy of scale.
But in the area of physical distribution(PD) industry, there still remains a 'bottleneck'. Nowadays, as the ratio of PD cost to production cost is going up higher, the need for modernization of PD management is ever increasing.
Needless to say, the PD in Korea has played an important role by filling up the gap in place and time between production and consumption. And it also has controlled the gap between demand and supply. PD maintains the quality of products in good condition.
For this reasons, modernization of PD industry has become the prerequisite for protecting both producers and consumers and for balanced development of production, distribution and consumption as a whole.
But, until recent years the Government had neglected the distribution sector by putting more emphasis on the manufacturing industry which has more comparative advantages than PD industry.
In general, physical distribution can be classified into six functions : transportation, storaging, loading & unloading, packaging, PD information management and processing.
The main purpose of PD is to distribute products from producers to consumers without any change of product quality and with minimum cost and time. But minimizing cost and time alone does not mean modernization of PD. Rather, systematic distribution industry which can modernize the above functions should be developed.
It is expected that by the year 2,000, Korean economy will be highly industrialized, especially in high-tech field at high growth rate. With the above change of PD environment, Korean PD industry is expected to bring the following changes :
First, each functional area of the physical distribution industry will be connected through network. Korea has already built wide network of telecommunication, well-developed transportation facilities, and the optimal layout of distribution bases. Entire Korea will be connected by one-day-network.
Second, small distribution companies will be turned into systematized optimal firms. Organic link of input and output will make it possible to make a unified distribution system.
Third, further modernization efforts of PD is expected to continue. On-line processing of shipping and ordering management through high degree of standardization, mechanization, computerization and automation of PD will be accomplished within next a few years.
Fourth, the innovation in PD technology such as unit loading system is expected to increase. Also the reduction of PD cost and improvement in productively will be realized to greater extent by 1995.
PD industry in Korea now is no longer regarded as $quot;dark continent of the economy.$quot; PD industry in anticipated to be one of the fastest growing industries by the year 2,000, as a systematized industry. It is certain that such a rapid development of PD industry will clearly accelerate faster economic development of Korea.
The amended 5th Five Year Economic Development Plan offered a point for the distribution industry as the moderinzation program for this sector was incorporated into a comprehensive economic development plan. Thus, a balanced development plan for the distribution industry is to be perceived as a part of the whole economy unlike the previous fragmentary plans.
The 6th Five Year Economic Development Plan, which began in 1987, underlines the importance of the service sector all the more and currently various researches are being conducted for formulation of development plans. This can be interpreted as a sign of the positive efforts and concern of the Government to make a balanced growth of the distribution industry and other industries. The basic objective of the modernization plan for the PD industry is to stabilize commodity prices through balanced development between regions and to increase competitiveness in the international market by lowering distribution costs.
In conclusion, it should be noted that modernization of physical distribution is an integral part of national economic development. Therefore, every government of developing countries should pay due attention to necessity and importance of modernizing PD industries in respective countries.