노년기 사회적 삶과 인지기능 = Social Life and Cognitive Function in Old Age

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With rising life expectancy and ageing populations, there are increasing interests in successful aging. Healthy cognitive function is one of the important components of successful aging and recently many researchers have focused on social engagement as a protective factor of neurocognitive disorders and cognitive decline in old age. This article reviews the literature on protective effects of social engagement on cognitive functions in older adults. The effects of social engagement on cognitive aging were investigated focusing two separate aspects, i. e. social network structure such as size of network, frequency of contact, and level of social activity, and network quality such as social support and conflict. Research findings supported consistently the protective effects of social activity on cognition, while findings on the effects of social network, social support and conflict were inconsistent. Social engagement positively affected cognitive function when the social interaction was cognitively challenging. Social engagement seems to increase cognitive reserve via cognitive stimulation and play protective roles in age-associated cognitive decline. Lastly, the implications of these results for social life in old age and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

평균 수명의 연장과 그에 따른 인구의 고령화로 성공적 노화에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 건강한 인지기능은 성공적 노화의 중요한 요소인데, 많은 연구자들이 노년기 인지기능 감퇴 및 신경인지장애의 보호요인 중 하나로 사회참여를 주목하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사회참여가 노년기 인지기능에 미치는 영향에 관한 선행 연구결과들을 개관하고자 한다. 인지노화에서 사회참여의 효과는 사회연결망의 크기나 접촉 빈도, 참여하는 사회활동의 수 등의 구조적 측면과 사회지지 및 갈등과 같이 상호작용에 따른 정서교환의 질적 측면으로 구분하여 연구되어 왔다. 활발한 사회활동 참여는 일관되게 인지노화를 지연시키는 것으로 보고되는 데 비해, 사회연결망의 크기, 사회지지 및 사회갈등의 영향은 비일관된 결과가 보고되고 있다. 사회참여는 인지적으로 도전이 될 만한 사회적 상호작용에서 인지기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 사회참여가 인지적 자극을 통해 인지비축을 증가시킴으로써 노년기 인지감퇴에 보호적 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 이러한 결과들이 노년기 사회적 삶에서 갖는 함의와 추후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

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