우리나라의 痘瘡의 流行과 種痘法의 實施 = The Prevalence of Variola and the Practice of Vaccination in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Variola seems to have first been communicated into Korea from the west northern part of China in the middle of the Age of Three Kingdoms (三國時代 equivalent to the 4-5th century). This gradually spread toward the south-eastern part of Korea in ca. 737 A.D. and was transmitted as far as Japan by say of Silla (新羅), and a so in Koryu(高麗) this epidemic still con inued of be prevalent.
Entering the lee Dynasty (李朝時代) the prevalence of variola became more vigorous and at the beginning of the reign of Seicho (世祖, equivalent to ca. 1456 A.D.) a professional book on variola was published, and later on they saw several kinds of book which were written on various experiences in variola, and in the reign of Sookchong (肅宗 the 1st year is equivalent to 1675 A.D.) and of Yung-chong (英宗 the 1st year is 1725 A.D.) there were even the variolar doctors.
In the treatment adopted for variola in those days they hadn't any mean beyond what had been handed down since the ages of Song (宋) and Dang (唐). However, coming to the end of the reign of Chungchong (正宗 1800 A.D.) al vaccination with variolar pus was introduced from Chung () and they could to a fair extent, be successful to reduce variola.
This method of vaccination was made public since the publication of Chung Ta San's Handbook on Variola (丁茶山) which was compiled based on the variolar books brought by Park Chai Ka (朴薺家) from Peiping in the 14th year of the reign of Chungchong (1790 A.D.) and on the variolar synopsis obtained in Uijoo(義州) in the 23rd year of the same reign and this knowledge of the vaccination was made practicable favoured by the compilation of the Si-Chong-Tong-Pyon (時種通編) by Lee Chong In (李種仁), a variolar doctor in Pochon (抱川) and by the reprinting of the Chinese literatures on variola.
This method of vaccination wast made popular among the places both in the capital and the districts favored with the professional books on variola which the good-will mission to China brought with them from Peiping in the ages of Chungchong (正宗, the 1st year is 1777 A.D.) and Sooncho (純祖, the 1st year is 1801 A.D.), and the usual method of inoculation then applied to was putting into the nostril the pill made of the crushed variola crust mixed with water.
The inoculation with the cow pox vaccin was first introduced by Chung Taa san in the 24th year of the reign of Chungchong. This vaccination's method was imported into Korea in secret from Peiping by Chung Ta San and his colleague, in relation with the Western School (Su-Hak, 西學) and catholicism, and later on it was imported in public by way of the national border, and this method, it seems to be true, was first put into practical use in secret by Chung Ta San in the first year of Hyonchong (憲宗,1650 A.D.). However, it could not be generally applicable, and the persecution and oppression of the Korean Government of the western religion and knowledge enforced to stop its further use.
However, after the establishment of the Korea-Japanese Friendship Treaty in the 13th year of the reign of Kochong (,孤宗 1876 A.D.), Chi Suk Yung (池錫永), who had learnt in Japan the skill of the vaccination and that of manufacturing the variolar varccin, carried on the vaccination at the places both in the capital and districts, and in addition to it, he made this art popular in the whole country by training the variolar doctors and by publishing he Oo-Doo-Sin-Sul (牛痘新設). The New Explanation on Vaccination) on the other hand. This is to say the vaccination with cow pox vaccin was commended and popularized by Chi Suk Yung, and by his group and disciples of which he was the leading figure this art was made more popular.
However, this art was allowed by the laws to be practicable in public after the Kap-O-Rennovation (甲年革新), and the program of the vacc-ination was put on the firm foundation for the steady pooularization through the whole country, following the publication of the laws and regulations on the protection of variola and the practice of vaccination, that is, the establishment of Office of manufacturing Vaccin and School for Training the Variola Doctors in the Bureau of Internal Affairs, and the establishment of the Han sung Vaccination Bureau (漢城種痘可) in the capital and that of the Vaccination Office in the districts.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第一 緖言
• 第二 痘瘠의 流行과 그 方書
• 第三 人痘接種法
• 第四 牛痘接種法
• 第五 甲年革新以後의 種痘의 制度와 그 法規
• 第六 結論