리처드 미즈락: 사막의 칸토스(Desert Cantos) 제5장 브라보 20(Bravo 20)(1986-87) 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Richard Misrach is a landscape photographer who has worked on the subject of the deserts in the American West since 1979. His "Bravo 20" is part of his project titled Desert Cantos. Published in 1990, his collection of photographs "Bravo 20: The Bombing of the American West" includes 28 photos that he took during his 18-month stay at the Nevada Desert that's devastated by the illegal bombing of the U. S. Navy. His photos formed a public opinion and made a contribution to turning the Bravo 20 area illegally occupied by the military into public land. The collision between civilization and nature described in his photos reports the murder of the ecosystem and the continuance of internal colonialism through the case study of the irrational military policies. He adopted a strategy of presenting the nature brutally ruined by the civilization of the military in such beautiful colors. He decided to show the ugly place in a beautiful way because he expected that beauty had the ability to deliver complicated ideas and could bring changes to people's viewpoints of things. This study saw that the photos of "Bravo 20" were characterized by his mourning over the ruined nature. To show his condolences, he metaphorically cited historical events in his photos, which accordingly displayed the characteristics of conventional history paintings. The historical events he cited tell a disturbing history of the past and the present involving wars and conquest of the West. He presented them ambivalently in beautiful colors. In his photos of "Bravo 20," he also maintains that a photographer should grow out of the roles as a free observer and engage in polemic, contextualization, and proposition. While the old war photos are snap shots that captured an event at the moment of happening, his post-apocalyptic landscape that dealt with what's left after a disaster is close to war history paintings and grieves over nature by expressing the fear in ruins through sublime beauty. In addition to mourning, he went on a step farther by suggesting the idea of "Bravo 20 National Park" and attempted the revival and rebirth of nature. Unlike the national parks of the previous generation that are based on the concept of protecting beautiful nature from damage, his national park sets out to recover damaged nature as a new type of environment park. He expected his park to play the roles of a memorial park as well by reminding the military, government, corporations and individuals of how their acts endangered the earth and purging the guilt of mankind through the memory of the complex and disturbing history. But his "Bravo 20 National Park" failed to be materialized as a physical park and even received an evaluation that it's not a political statement but a kind of conceptual art. Although the idea was not put into practice physically, it's reproduced in the form of web, exhibition at galleries, photography collections, and individual prints. Thus it's safe to argue that his national park was put into cultural practices, which gives some significance to it. His perception of the environment displays an ecological world view in earth art and ecological art. While the earth artists left their artistic products in photographs, he, on the contrary, visualized the landscape that he chose following his own will. The study offered an opportunity to illuminate Misrach as an environmental artist who aggressively presented his ecological perceptions of the environment through the medium of photography instead of limiting him within the scope of a photographer. It's also revealed that he went on further from the one-dimensional political landscape and added the multiple implications of hoping for rebirth to the landscape photos of "Bravo 20" through his mourning over the contaminated landscape. And in his "Bravo 20," he expressed his determination as an artist to present the dark history of illegal occupation of the American West in beautiful colors and turn the place of despair into a national park of hopes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서 론
• 2. 사막의 칸토스(Desert Cantos) 프로젝트
• (1) 칸토의 구조
• (2) 은유로서의 사막
• 3. 사막의 칸토스(Desert Cantos) 제5장 브라보 20
• (1) 풍경화 전통으로 본 브라보 20
• (2) 포스트-묵시록적 풍경: 문명과 자연의 충돌
• 4. 브라보 20 국립공원 제안:새로운 유형의 환경 기념 공원
• 5. 결 론