1957년 한일 억류자 상호석방 각서의 경위와 결과 = Process and Result of Diplomatic Memorandum on Mutual Liberation for Detained People Between Korea and Japan in 1957

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article focuses on political backgrounds and substantial outcomes of the diplomatic memorandum on mutual liberation for detained people between Korea and Japan in 1957 which was an opportunity to open the 4th negotiation for amity between Korea and Japan. It reveals the Korean people in Japan or Korean stowaways detained in Omura camp comparing to the Japanese fishermen detained in Busan camp in 1950 s. This memorandum was the symbolistic event in Korea-Japan relation under the U.S engagement and was the momentum to reopen the negotiation between Korea and Japan which had stopped since Kubota Kanichiro, Japan’s delegate had insisted to justify the colonial Chosun’s rule of Japanese empire. As well as its diplomatic result was so poor that relations was in disarray between Korea and Japan then, the negotiation stopped soon after the reopen because Korea confirmed that she would reject it.
In spite of that, this diplomatic memorandum was advisable diplomatic agreement to release 922 Japanese fishermen detained in Busan camp as well as 474 Korean secret passengers in Omura camp including Koreans residents in Japan. According to it, 65 fishermen of Kafuri, Fukuoka prefecture came back to Shimonoseki from Busan when the reporters of RKB Mainichi TV collected news materials soon after the post office opened in Fukuoka city. Discovery of the film in the Resources Center in RKB Station guided my research to a series of study about the ‘Peace Line’ and detained people. According to the mutual diplomatic memorandum, Japanese government revealed that 474 Korean people had been residing in Japan were released from Omura camp until 11th February 1958 as well as that Korean government released 922 Japanese fishermen from Busan Foreigner’s camp until on 18th May 1958.
In this paper, I try to reveal the absurdities through the entangled resources that the ordinary people, both Korean and Japanese were interned under governmental power in 1950’s, focusing on that official delegations of two nations didn’t concern deeply about the people’s detainment but they had long interruption negotiation on the ground of claim rights related to prewar colonial rule. I direct in this research my attention to American interpretation ‘relevant clause’ which Korea and Japan had asked her in relation to the claim rights. And I want to point out there was a discrimination against new Korean government and liberated Korean people in Japanese society in 1950’s. And yet I want to emphasize the diplomatic memorandum was agreed by both sides because all delegations of Korea and Japan dimly recognized and felt easing the international sentiment in due to the inhumane detainment of the poor people.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

この論文は、第4次韓日会談の開始の切っ掛けになった、1957年の韓国·日本政府の抑留者相互釈放に関する覚書について、その外交的背景と実質的効果を再検討している。と同時に、相互釈放の対象になった、1950年代の大村収容所の在日韓人問題と、釜山外国人収容所の‘平和線’侵犯日本人漁民問題を、人道的次元で再検討している。1957年の外交覚書は、米国を中心とする韓·日関係を象徴するものでありながら、久保田発言によって中断された国交正常化交渉の再会を促すものであり、1950年代韓·日関係の複合性や乱脈像を表すものであった。覚書は交換されたものの、予定通り会談の再会に至ることができず、第4次会談の開始直後に「北送問題」を口実に再び交渉は頓着状態に入った。
にもかかわらず、この覚書によって両国に抑留されていた、474名の在日韓人·‘密航者’や922名の日本人漁民がおおぜい釈放されるに至った。釈放された漁民の中には、福岡県加布里の漁民65人も属していた。筆者は、2014年福岡市のRKB-TV放送局の映像資料室で、下関港に着いた加布里漁民の送還に関する映像などを発見したことを契機に、「平和線」に関する研究調査を行ってきている。1957年の相互釈放覚書の結果として、日本政府は1958年2月11日まで、474人の在日朝鮮人を大村収容所から釈放し、韓国政府は同年5月18日まで922人の日本人漁夫を釜山外国人収容所から釈放し、日本に送還した。もちろん、覚書の履行中にも新しく「密航者」の抑留や「平和線侵犯者」の抑留は続いており、予定されていた第4次会談は一月半遅れて1958年4月15日になって開かれた。主な理由は、日本側が韓国の日本人漁夫に関する覚書の履行を怠っているとの理由をもって延期してきたからである。第4次会談は、1960年4月の韓国での政変勃発によって再び中断し、在日韓人法的地位委員会などの分化委員会は討議段階にも入らず、扉を閉めてしまった。
以上、この論文は、1950年代における日本人漁民の釜山収容所抑留の実態や在日朝鮮人と「密航者」の大村収容所抑留の実態を、関連資料で実証してきた。また、非人道的な民間人相互抑留の問題が請求権問題をめぐる韓·日間外交の攻防の中に埋まってきた状況を、国民国家の不条理として取り上げ調査してきた。この論文で両国会談の請求権の争点に関して、米国の有権解釈としての「relevant clause」を浮彫りにしつつ、1950年代に日本社会において新生韓国政府や韓国人に対して差別意識が存在していたことを明らかにした。しかしたとえ請求権問題をめぐる外交的葛藤があった中でも、両国の代表者が非人道的な民間人抑留やこれに伴う国際世論を認識しつつ、外交的が合意に漕ぎ着ける必要性を感じていたことを、私は改めて強調したい。

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 : 1957년 각서의 의미
• Ⅱ. 주요 선행연구와 자료
• Ⅲ. 한국정부의 relevant clause 수용
• Ⅳ. 한국에 억류된 ‘평화선’ 침범 일본인 어부
• Ⅴ. 일본에 억류된 ‘밀항’ ‘불법체류’ 한인
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 : 각서 교환의 결과
• 참고문헌
• Abstract
• 일어초록

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