농촌마을내 연꽃방죽의 의미와 기능 : 전남 강진군 백련지·별연지·행연지를 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

농촌마을의 입구에 있는 연꽃방죽은 친수환경적인 경관창출과 레저․휴식공간을 조성할 수 있는 요소이다. 또한 농촌어메니티 활성화를 위한 매우 중요한 자원으로 인식하고 전남 강진군내 3개소의 연꽃방죽의 특성과 기능 및 의미를 문헌조사와주민 인터뷰 그리고 현장조사를 통하여 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 연구대상지 세곳의 연꽃방죽은 모두 마을 초입에 조성되어 비보 ․ 풍수적 기능을 하며 형국이나 전설과 관련하여 白蓮地, 鼈蓮池, 杏蓮池의 명칭이 부여되었다.방죽의 수체계는 뒤산의 개울 또는 공동 샘물과 우수를 수원으로 하여 지하수로를 통해 연꽃방죽에 집수되어 여과,침전, 미소동물 및 수생식물에 의한 생물학적 정화과정을 거친 다음 농수로를 통해 최종적으로 농경지 및 하천으로유출되는 구조를 가졌다.마을 식수원인 공동샘과 약 100m 떨어진 곳에 조성되었고 수심 1.2~1.5m인 소택지로서 샘과 관련한 상징적 ․ 생태적상관성이 높은 것으로 사료된다.세 곳의 연꽃 방죽은 모두 배롱나무, 소나무, 동백나무, 오죽 등이 식재된 중도가 조성되었다. 하지만 현재 원형을유지하고 있는 곳은 백련지 뿐이고 별연지나 행연지는 치수 및 물량위주의 농어촌지원사업의 여파로 형태의 변형 및크기가 축소되었다.농촌의 연꽃방죽은 경관창출 및 레저휴양 기능 공간이자 어메니티(amenity) 자원으로서 매우 소중한 자원이며 보전복원대상으로 연구되어야 할 것이다. 또한 연꽃방죽은 과거 우리 조상으로부터 대대로 이어져온 우리의 농촌문화경관요소이며 공동체적 산물로 재조명되어야 함이 마땅하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Lotus ponds located at entry of a rural village are elements which can create environment and water friendly landscape and forming space for leisure and rest. This author had study by literature, residents interview and field survey on special features, function and meaning of 3 lotus ponds within Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do viewing them as very significant resources for vitalization of rural amenity and following conclusion could be drawn. All the 3 lotus ponds which were objects of this study were located at entry of rural villages. Thus they played role of supplementing any shortcoming based on geomancy and their forms and names were also related to such function accordingly names like Baekryeonji, Byeolyeonji and Haengyeonji were given to them. Source of water supply for the ponds were stream of hills at the back or common spring water or rainfall and it was collected at lotus pond through underground watercourse. After passing through process of filtration, sedimentation and biological purification by microorganism and aquatic plants eventually it flows out to farm land and streams through farming watercourse. They were formed at the spot about 100m away from spring for joint use which is water source for the village. It is swamp with water depth of 1.2~1.5m and its relationship with the spring appears to be very high in terms of its symbolic, ecological aspects. Three lotus ponds have midways formed which were planted with crape myrtle, pine trees, camellia and bamboos etc. But only Baekryeonji was preserved in its original form but forms of Byeolyeonji and Haengyeonji were changed or its size was reduced by side-effect of flood control measures and material and quantity oriented projects for supporting farming and fishing villages. Lotus ponds of rural village are space for creating landscape and space for leisure and rest and it is also highly valuable resource for amenity and should be studied as object for preservation and restoration. Accordingly lotus ponds should be placed under limelight once more as elements of rural culture and landscape which were bequeathed from our ancestors through generations and as resource for entire community.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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