국어 어휘의 변화 = Lexical Change in Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to study the diachronic change of Korean vocabulary. The lexical change in Korean can be divided into two groups. One is formal change and the other is the change of content, that is semantic change. Chapter 2 deal with the diachronic replacement of Korean synonyms. The nouns discussed in diachronic replacement are nouns denoting `wife`, nouns denoting `husband`, nouns denoting `barbarian`, nouns denoting `tribe, relative`, nouns denoting `beast`, nouns denoting `hair`, nouns denoting `time` and nouns denoting `thousand`. The verbs discussed in diachronic replacement are verbs meaning `to love`, verbs meaning `to be afraid of`, adjectives denoting `to be bad`, adjectives denoting `to be many` and adjectives meaning `to be small`. The adverbs discussed in diachronic replacement are adverbs denoting `surely, necessarily`, adverbs denoting `already` and adverbs denoting `alone, for oneself`. Chapter 3 deal with the differentiation of meaning. When the word having two sense denotes one sense in the stream of time and new word undertakes the other sense, the differentiation of meaning takes place. For example, the verb `가.라.치다` had two senses `to teach` and `to point` in 15th senses `to teach` and `to point` in 15th century Korean and 17th century Korean. In current Korean, the verb `가르치다` means `to teach` and the verb `가리키다` means `to point`. Chapter 4 deals with change of meaning. The semantic changes can be divided into two categories. One is the nature of semantic change and the other is the consequences of semantic change. The nature of semantic change will fall into four cardinal types : metaphor, metonym, popular etymology and ellipsis. Examples of metaphor are nouns `감토`, `비.사.ㄹ ㅎ`, `보람`, 사.랑`, `이바디`, `힘` and adjective `어엿브다`. Example of metonymy are nouns `가개` and `ㅄ기`. Example of popular etymology are nouns `히.ㅇ자.쵸마` and `아차.ㄴ셜`. One example of ellipsis is noun `귀밑`. Among the consequences which may result from semantic changes, two problems have received particular attention : changes in range and changes in evaluation. Changes in range can be divided into restriction of meaning and extension of meaning. Example of restriction of meaning are nouns `놈`, `셔바.ㄹ/셔울`, `얼굴`, `뫼`, `빈혀`, `ㅄ기` and adjective `어리다`. Examples of extenstion of meaning are nouns `갓나히.`, `ㅅ나히.`, `오랑캐`, `겨레`, `마노라`, `온` and adjective `졈다`. Changes in evaluation can be divided into pejorative dexelopment and and ameliorative development. Examples of pejorative development are nouns `겨집`, `나.ㅊ`, `놈` and `마노라`. One example of ameliorative development is noun `匠人`.