A Comparative Perspective on Moral Rights beyond Audiovisual Works: International Mandatory Rule and Moral Interests as Human Rights

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Copyright protection provides two distinct sorts of rights to the right holder. The first category pertains to economic rights, which ensure individuals’ authority over their own intellectual creations and compensation for their utilisation through selling and licensing. The second category pertains to moral rights, which encompass rights associated with the creator’s personal identity and the preservation of their dignity and honour as an author. These rights typically include, at minimum, the right of attribution, which grants authors the entitlement to be recognised as the creators of their work, and the right of integrity, which grants authors the prerogative to prevent any modifications or alterations to their work that may be detrimental to their reputation. The extent to which moral rights are protected and given might vary based on the legal traditions that belong to each country. Establishing this group of rights is essential for authors to guarantee the proper acknowledgement of their work. Nevertheless, moral rights have sparked significant global debate, and attempts to achieve harmonisation have shown to be inconsistent and ineffective.
The purpose of this work is to analyse the correlation between copyright and human rights, considering the overarching structure of moral rights protection in countries stemming from two distinct traditions: Continental-European (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law), mainly going through the examples of France, Germany, and the United States, with some reference to other countries for comparison. In general terms, Continental European tradition places significant emphasis on safeguarding the author’s personality rights, drawing primarily and historically from philosophical concepts rooted in the French tradition. Conversely, common law countries prioritise economic rights and the commercial interests of authors, allocating comparatively less importance to moral rights.
Moreover, this paper will also delve into the examination of international and supranational instruments. It will additionally centre its attention on The Asphalt Jungle Case, which was brought before the Cour de Cassation of France. This case represents an endeavour to enhance the safeguarding of moral rights, particularly in jurisdictions where the legal framework provides only minimal protection for such rights. Finally, a discussion on moral rights and digital technology will be held to determine whether it will be possible to reach a harmonisation agreement soon or if it will be too difficult and moral rights will be viewed as outdated.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 권태상, "저작인격권의 성질과 내용에 대한 고찰- 민법상 인격권과의 관계를 중심으로" 한국민사법학회 87 : 189-225, 2019
• 2 Schéré, E., "Where is the Morality? Moral Rights in International Intellectual Property and Trade Law" 41 (41): 2018
• 3 Italian Copyright Statute, "Unofficial Draft English Version - Revised February 2004"
• 4 United Nations, "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)"
• 5 Bechtold, S., "The Valuation of Moral Rights: A Field Experiment" Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods 2017
• 6 Yoo, C. S., "Rethinking Copyright and Personhood, 2019 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1049" Legal Scholarship Repository 2019
• 7 Lim, D., "Prejudice to Honour or Reputation in Copyright Law" 33 : 2007
• 8 Karlsson, J. C., "Organizational Misbehaviour in the Workplace" Palgrave Macmillan 2012
• 9 "Moral rights: works and films, Personal Rights of Authors" The University of Sydney
• 10 Holderness, M., "Moral Rights and Authors’ Rights: The Keys to the Information Age" 1998
• 11 Fang, A., "Let Digital Technology Lay the Moral Right of Integrity to Rest" 26 (26): 457-476, 2011
• 12 Torremans, P. L. C., "Is Copyright a Human Right?" 271 (271): 271-292, 2007
• 13 Gervais, D. J., "Intellectual Property and Human Rights: Learning to Live Together" ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft/ Leibniz Information Centre for Economics 2009
• 14 Matthews, D., "Intellectual Property Rights, Human Rights and the Right to Health" Queen Mary School of Law 2009
• 15 Geiger, C., "Intellectual Property Ordering beyond Borders" Cambridge University Press 2022
• 16 Fischman Afori, O., "Human Rights and Copyright: The Introduction of Natural Law Considerations into American Copyright Law" 14 : 497-, 2004
• 17 Kamina, P., "Film Copyright in the European Union" Cambridge University Press 2016
• 18 Rigamonti, C. P., "Deconstructing Moral Rights" 47 (47): 2006
• 19 Dessemontet, F., "Copyright and Human Rights"
• 20 Buss, K., "Copyright and Free Speech : The Human Rights Perspective" 8 (8): 182-202, 2015
• 21 Roggero, C., "Colourisation and the Right to Preserve the Integrity of a Film"
• 22 Cooper, R., "Colorization and Moral Rights: Should the United States Adopt Unified Protection for Artists?" 68 (68): 465-473, 1991
• 23 Austin, G., "Authors’ Rights as Human Rights" 2022
• 24 Ginsburg, J. C., "Authors and Exploitations in International Private Law : The French Supreme Court and the Huston Film Colorization Controversy" 13 : 135-, 1991
• 25 Miernicki, M., "Artificial intelligence and moral rights" 36 : 319-329, 2021
• 26 Chapman, A. R., "Approaching Intellectual Property as A Human Right , UNESCO Copyright Bulletin, Volume XXXV" UNESCO Publishing 2001