갑오개혁~대한제국기 순검 제도의 도입과 변화(1894~1907) = Introduction of Soongeom Police System and Its Changes During the Gabo Reform and Great Empire Period (1894-1907)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문의 목적은 순검제도가 도입되는 과정과 1907년 순사제도가 도입될 때까지 어떠한 변화를 겪었는지를 살펴보고, 제도의 실제 적용 여부와 그 과정에서의 문제점 및 이에 대한 대응을 살펴보고자 하는 것이다.
갑오개혁 이후 대한제국기를 거쳐 순검제도가 도입되었지만, 규정에 따른 채용절차를 거치지 않거나, 훈련된 순검이 배출되지 않았음이 확인된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 경부 설치 이후 순검을 확대 채용하고, 경무학교 학생 중 엄격한 과정을 거쳐 순검을 뽑았으며 그 중에서 권임 혹은 총순으로 승진시키도록 하였다. 그러나, 순검 월급은 자주 체불되었고, 이에 따라 자퇴 순검의 발생, 중앙과 지방에서 다수의 순검이 폐단을 일으키는 등의 문제가 발생하였다.
러일전쟁기인 1904~1905년 순검의 수는 대폭 축소되었고, 1905년 1월, 마루야마 시게토시가 경무고문으로 부임한 이후, 경무학교를 통해 재교육을 받은 이들이 퇴직한 순검들의 자리를 채워나갔다. 지방 순검 채용도 각 경무서 경무학교 수료 혹은 순교에서 순검으로의 재채용을 통해 이루어졌다. 이러한 인력교체는 치안제도를 하부구조부터 바꾸고, 이와 동시에 대한제국의 치안을 장악하려는 일제의 의도였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of the introduction of the Soongeom(巡檢) system and the changes it underwent until the introduction of the Soonsa(巡査) system (Decree No. 66 (December 29, 1907)), as well as the actual application of the system and the problems and responses to them.
Although the system was introduced after the Gabo reforms(甲午改革) and throughout the Korean Empire, it was found that there was no regulated recruitment process or trained Soongeom(巡檢). In order to solve this problem, the Gyoungbu(京部) was established to expand the number of Soongeom(巡檢), and Soongeom(巡檢) were selected through a rigorous process from among the students of the Police school(警務學校) and promoted in order of rank or total. However, due to the government’s inherent budgetary problems, there was a problem of insufficient salaries for the Soongeom(巡檢), and the government tried to respond to the problem with a bonus system, but this caused many Soongeom(巡檢) to drop out of school or to quit in the center and provinces.
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, the number of Soongeom(巡檢) was drastically reduced, partly due to a lack of budget and partly due to resignations due to not being paid, but also because some were dismissed for not being able to memorize the sword code. Some people quit regardless of these two reasons, as the inspector general was known to punish those who quit without a reason. In 1905, after Maruyama Shigetoshi was appointed as a police advisor, the number of police Soongeom(巡檢) in the Gyoungmucheong was reduced in earnest, and those who had been retrained at the police academy filled the positions of the retired Soongeom(巡檢). Recruitment of provincial Soongeom was also done through the completion of the police school at each Gyoungmuseo or through the rehiring of New Soongeom. These personnel changes were intended to reorganize the policing system from the bottom up, while simultaneously taking control of the security of the Korean Empire.