Multicultural Art Education for Social Justice - An Equitable Path to Prosperity for Korea -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper considers what art education can contribute to cultural change within Korean society and its education system. Korea experienced rapid economic growth and social change after the Korean War. Paralleling this economic growth and societal change, the Korean art education system has also changed and developed. Mainly affected by Western art education, the Korean art education system is becoming an amalgamation of creative self expressionism, Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE), and traditional Korean art practices (Park, 2002, 2008). Not always based on the changes and developments in Korean society, Korean art education is a compilation of varying art education theories emanating from the United States. With the newer social challenges facing Korea, such as an increasingly foreign population, a low birth rate, and racism, current Korean society, education,and art education are under a strain. To manage these concerns, Korean art education needs to revise goals and to engage Korea’s increasing cultural diversity. This paper examines Korean history with its various past cultural influences and changing perspectives about art education and conclude that why Korean art education needs to embrace multiculturalism and social justice. I consider how art education for social justice has ideals that can be modified, updated, and adapted in a re-envisioned approach to art education in Korea. I believe that art education for social justice could be beneficial in bridging not only the racial differences faced by Koreans but also the rampant socio-economic inequality.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 미래 한국 사회의 발전 및 번영을 위해서 앞으로 어떤 미술교육이 적합할것인가에 대한 탐구로부터 시작한다. 한국미술교육도 이러한 사회 변화와 함께 발전해왔다. 일본식민지 시대 및 한국 전쟁 이후 주로 미국을 통한 서양 미술교육의 영향을크게 받았다. 현재는 한국미술교육은 여러 미술교육 사조가 합쳐진 상태가 되었다. 이러한 현상이 일어난 데에는 여러 가지 이유가 있을 수 있으나 한국 전쟁 이후 미국 미술교육의 영향을 받은 것이 가장 크다고 할 수 있다. 21세기 한국은 이제 또 다른 사회변화에 직면하고 있다. 심화되는 국제화, 출산율 저하와 그에 따른 젊은 노동인구 감소, 노령인구 증가, 급속한 외국인 인구 유입, 국제결혼 증가, 한국경제의 대외 의존율증가, 높은 자살률, 심화되는 계층 간의 갈등 등은 예전과 전혀 다른 문제를 야기하고있다. 이러한 사회 현상에 부합하는 미술교육을 지향하기 위해서 예전과 다른 미술교육 패러다임이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 한국 사회변화와 그에 따른 한국미술교육이 어떻게 변화되었는지를 고찰하였다. 그리고 여러 다문화 교육학자들과 미술학자들의 다문화교육에 대한 중심 개념을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 한국 실정에맞는 다문화 교육 개념을 제시하고자 한다. 특히, 인종적 다양성뿐만 아니라 지방(local)과 국제적(global)관계를 이해하고, 증가되는 여러 사회, 문화적 충돌과 불평등(inequality)에 대한 바른 이해에 중점을 두고자 하였다.

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