KCI등재
논문(論文) : 무술정변(戊戌政變) 직후의 경사대학당(京師大學堂) -그에 대한 시선과 운영 실상- = The Imperial University(Jing-shi da-xue-tang) Right After the 1898`s Coup(Wu-xu zheng-bian) -Viewpoints about it and its Operation-
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2011
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
912
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
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수록면
291-328(38쪽)
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소장기관
The Imperial University, Jing-shi da-xue-tang was the symbol of reformations pushed ahead by Emperor since 1895. Because of the coup of 1989 almost all the reformations were cancelled and old regime was recovered. Though the Imperial University survived after the coup, the conservatives tried to abolish it continuously, regarding it as "a wen to cut away". This essay starts from the question "what was the background that this university could survive amongst the reactionary conservatist trend after the coup?" The first reason that the Imperial University could survive the conservatist return right after the coup was that the construction of the University did not belong to the essential political reformations though it could be the symbol of reformation. And the second reason was the Emperor`s strong insistency to maintain it. The Emperor ordered that the Imperial University should be maintained for the sake of "the education of talented" even in the edict of confessing his faults in the process of reform movements, which was written under the press of the Dowager Empress after the coup. The third background was that they were afraid that the abolition of the University could cause the interception of the powers which were related with foreign teachers in the University. Although the Imperial University could survive the conservative coup, number of those who attended the entrance examination was just 100 among 1,000 applicants. This of course reflected the change of trend after the coup. The University opened with fixed number of students, 500, on the 18th of January in 1899. However, 4 months later in May 1899, Censor Wu Hung-jia sent a memorial criticizing too small scale of students, too many personnels and too large expenditure with regards to operation of the University. Though this criticism was based on several real factors, it must have represented the conservative point of view. Sun Jia-nai, the minister of education rebuked Wu`s criticism about the University one by one in detail, saying that he had not idea about the University. However, this debate between reformist and conservative betrayed the poor administration of the University. The problem is not just too small scale of students, but the composition of students. The number of Shi-xue-yuan students equivalent to college student was just 20, middle school students were 150, and elementary school students were 20. So Jing-shi da-xue-tang was "a middle-school -centered deformed university rather than a university", which was resulted not just from the University itself but from general viewpoints of the contemporaries. In the end of June, or the beginning of July of 1899, two months after Wu`s memorial, another censor Xi lin demanded the abolition of the Imperial University, criticizing the poor management of the University. The minster of education Sun jia-nai handed in his resignation as a final measure resisting against the abolition of the University. A year since the coup of September in 1898 till July in 1899 was a very important period deciding the life or death of Jing-shi da-xue-tang. Perhaps Sun jia-nai`s desperate resistance against the conservative`s attempt to abolish the University helped this University`s to survive. The Imperial University got over the crisis to prolong its life, and made adjustment of students` composition, decreasing its fixed number of students from 500 to 300 in April 1900, appropriating its budget according to its 300, number students. This decreasing adjustment of the University reflected the University`s real situation and resulted from the adversarial opinions on the University. However, the persistent life of the Imperial University was cut not by conservatives but by I-ho tuan. Students dispersed here and there, the successive Minister of Education Xu jing-cheng and a teacher were killed, and the land of the University was occupied by foreign armies. Whether the murder of Xu Jing-cheng was committed by I-ho tuan on purpose or by chance needs further research which will shed a light on our understanding of the opinions of the people on Jing-shi da-xue-tang.
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